Biology 1B: Laws of Inheritance Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Why did Mendel study pea plants?

Mendel studied pea plants because they reproduced sexually and had traits that were easily observable.

What is the definition of 'hypothesis'?

A scientific concept that explains patterns of behavior seen through repeated investigations.

A possible explanation or answer to a scientific question that is based on prior knowledge or research and is testable. (correct)

A group of related hypotheses that can be accepted as true based on repeated experimentation with similar results.

None of the above.

Before testing the pea plants, Mendel included which of the following in his five-part hypothesis? (Select all that apply)

One gene comes from each parent for every trait. (correct)

A pair of factors (known as genes) control traits. (correct)

When gametes are formed, genes separate. (correct)

Each trait is passed from generation to generation. (correct)

If there are two unlike genes, one may be seen while the other is hidden. (correct)

Some traits are passed together from generation to generation. (correct)

Explain the difference between a theory and a law.

A theory is a group of related hypotheses that can be accepted as true based on repeated investigations, while a law is a scientific concept that explains what patterns of behavior will be seen through repeated investigations. Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is dominant when a plant heterozygous for yellow pod color (Yy) is crossed with a plant homozygous for green pod color (yy)?

Yellow pod color Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenotype for the F1 generation when a plant with purple petals (PP) is crossed with a plant with white petals (pp)?

Purple petals Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenotype of the plant offspring with genotype Tt from a cross between a plant TT for tall height and a plant tt for short height?

Tall height Signup and view all the answers

How is a scientific law formed?

A law is a statement of fact that is generally accepted to be true and universal because it has always been observed to be true. Signup and view all the answers

The law of _________ states that traits are passed from parents to offspring independently of one another.

independent assortment Signup and view all the answers

The law of ____________ explains how alleles separate during gamete formation.

segregation Signup and view all the answers

What is the allele combination for a plant containing the alleles Gg for green pod color when crossed with a plant that has the alleles gg for yellow pod color, resulting in green pods?

Gg Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the alleles were passed from parents to offspring.

The offspring received one allele from each parent. The alleles were separated during gamete formation before they were passed to the offspring. Green pod color is dominant, resulting in the offspring having green pod color. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how corn can be used as an example of Mendel's law of independent assortment.

Each kernel of corn inherits traits independently. Each kernel receives one allele from each parent for the traits of color and texture. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the genotype for the following items and the phenotype for item 4.

1 = RRYy 2 = Rryy 3 = ry 4 = wrinkled yellow Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mendel and Pea Plants

Mendel selected pea plants for their sexual reproduction and easily observable traits.
Traits studied by Mendel included pod color, flower color, and seed shape.

Hypothesis in Scientific Research

A hypothesis is a testable explanation or answer to a scientific question based on prior knowledge.
It serves as a foundation for experimentation and investigation.

Mendel's Five-Part Hypothesis

Genes control traits, with one gene inherited from each parent for every trait.
Traits are passed from generation to generation.
Genes separate during the formation of gametes.
In cases of differing genes, one may be dominant while the other is recessive.

Theory vs. Law

A theory is a well-supported explanation based on numerous related hypotheses.
A law is a factual statement universally accepted due to consistent observational evidence.

Inheritance in Pea Plants

Yellow pod color is dominant over green pod color.
A cross between a plant with purple petals (PP) and one with white petals (pp) results in all offspring having purple petals (F1 generation).
Offspring with genotype Tt from a cross of TT (tall) and tt (short) showcase a tall phenotype.

Laws of Inheritance

The law of independent assortment states that traits are inherited independently.
The law of segregation details how alleles separate during gamete formation.

Allele Combinations and Phenotypes

A plant with alleles Gg (green pods) crossed with gg (yellow pods) produces offspring with Gg genotype resulting in green pods.
Alleles are passed from parents to offspring, influencing traits based on dominance.

Corn as an Example of Independent Assortment

Each kernel of corn represents independent inheritance of traits, showcasing variety in color and texture.
The genetic makeup for color and texture is inherited separately.

Genotypes and Phenotypes

Identified genotypes include RRYy for item 1 and Rryy for item 2, with ry alleles for item 3.
The phenotype for item 4 is described as wrinkled yellow.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the laws of inheritance with these flashcards based on Biology 1B. This practice assignment covers key concepts such as Mendel's work with pea plants and definitions of important terms. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of genetics.