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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the phenomenon where two versions of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual?
What is the term for the inheritance of a trait that is influenced by the presence of another gene?
What is the result of errors during miosis, resulting in missing or extra chromosomes?
What is the term for the inheritance of a single gene that affects two or more characters?
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What is the term for the inheritance of genes on separate chromosomes, where the inheritance of one pair is independent of the inheritance of another pair?
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What is the term for chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes, occurring in homologous pairs in diploids?
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Study Notes
Mendel's Laws
- Mendel's Law of Dominance: a dominant allele will be expressed, masking the trait of a recessive allele.
Exceptions to Mendel's Law of Dominance
- Co-dominance: two alleles of the same gene are expressed separately, resulting in different traits in an individual.
- Epistasis: one gene inhibits the expression of a phenotype encoded in another separate gene.
- Pleiotropy: a single gene affects two or more characters.
Mendel's Law of Segregation
- Gene pairs separate to form individually packaged gametes, which fuse to make offspring.
Exceptions to Mendel's Law of Segregation
- Polyploidy: multiple copies of the same genome exist.
- Aneuploid: errors during meiosis result in missing or extra chromosomes.
Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment
- Inheritance of one pair of factors (genes) is independent of the inheritance of another pair, but only if the genes are on separate chromosomes.
Exceptions to Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment
- Sex-linked traits: genes located on sex chromosomes.
Chromosomes
- Eukaryotes have two types of chromosomes: autosomes and sex chromosomes.
- Autosomes: homologous pairs in diploids.
- Sex chromosomes: content determines sex.
Pedigrees
- Used to predict outcomes of complex crosses.
- Symbols: square = male, circle = female.
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Description
This quiz covers Mendel's laws of dominance, co-dominance, epistasis, and pleiotropy in genetics and their exceptions. Understand how these laws affect the expression of traits in organisms.
