Biological Assay Techniques Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the first part of the insulin injection experiment on rabbits?

  • To calculate the final blood sugar level after injections (correct)
  • To measure the temperature effects on insulin
  • To observe the convulsions produced by insulin
  • To determine the initial blood sugar level

    • The Twin Cross Over Test is performed on different animals in the second part of the experiment.

    False

    What is the weight range of the mice used in the insulin experiment?

    18-22 grams

    Mice are maintained on a constant ______ prior to the experiment.

    <p>diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following groups of mice with their insulin dilutions:

    <p>Group-I = 0.064 units/ml Group-II = 0.096 units/ml Group-III = Test dilution 0.064 units/ml Group-IV = Test dilution 0.096 units/ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration for which blood samples are withdrawn from rabbits after insulin injection?

    <p>5 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The minimum number of mice used in the experiment is 50.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature at which mice are kept during the observation period in the experiment?

    <p>33°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the biological assay for vasopressin?

    <p>To estimate vasopressor activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The standard preparation of arginine vasopressin was established in 1987.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of the male albino rat used in the assay?

    <p>300 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The standard preparation for the assay contains ______ units of arginine vasopressin.

    <p>8.20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride = An alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent Human albumin = Protein used to stabilize preparations Citric acid = pH balancing agent Saline solution = Used for diluting the preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steps follows the injection of the blocking agent?

    <p>Anaesthetizing the rat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The preparation of arginine vasopressin is supplied in ampoules containing 10 units.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After 45 to 60 minutes, the rat is tied to the operating table by its ______.

    <p>hind legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal volume range for the standard solution to be injected?

    <p>0.1-0.5 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The doses of the test preparation should be randomized during the assay.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual weight of the lactating rat used in the experiment?

    <p>about 300 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The interval between injections should lie between _______ minutes.

    <p>3-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following procedures with their descriptions:

    <p>Cannulate the popliteal artery = To record blood pressure Anaesthetise the lactating rat = To prepare the subject for the procedure Inject standard solution = To observe changes in blood pressure Shave skin around the teat = To prepare for subsequent excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the test sample be prepared before use?

    <p>It must be diluted with saline solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two doses of the test preparation must be different in every trial.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is used to cannulate the trachea?

    <p>A short polyethylene tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of progestins during the luteal phase?

    <p>They raise body temperature slightly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Progestins impair glucose tolerance in all women who use oral contraceptives.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone does progesterone inhibit secretion from the pituitary gland?

    <p>Gn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Progesterone is primarily metabolized in the __________.

    <p>liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions do progestins have on cholesterol levels?

    <p>Raise LDL and lower HDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hormones with their effects:

    <p>Estrogen = Maintains HDL levels Progesterone = Inhibits Gn secretion Progestins = Can impair glucose tolerance Antiprogestins = Oppose progesterone effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antiprogestins bind to progesterone receptors but have the same conformation as agonist-bound receptors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component that affects body temperature modulation by progestins?

    <p>Hypothalamic thermostat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of oral contraceptives?

    <p>To suppress fertility and plan pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The combined pill contains only progestogen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the threshold dose of Ethinylestradiol in the combined pill?

    <p>30 μg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The progestin used in many oral contraceptives is derived from _____-nortestosterone.

    <p>19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of oral contraceptives with their components:

    <p>Combined Pill = Estrogen and Progestogen Progestogen-only Pill = Progestogen alone Second Generation Pill = Reduced estrogen and progestin Third Generation Pill = Newer progestins like desogestrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of oral contraceptive?

    <p>Surgical sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both estrogens and progestins are needed to ensure the effectiveness of the combined oral contraceptive pills.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many days are oral contraceptive pills typically taken in a cycle?

    <p>21 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is observed by inserting a pin into the apex of the heart?

    <p>The heartbeat's up and down movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lethal dose of the test sample is determined by using a minimum of 4 guinea pigs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic response indicates stoppage of the heart in pigeons during testing?

    <p>Emesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Histamine is primarily contained within __________ and basophil granules.

    <p>mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the method of bioassay with its species:

    <p>Lethal dose determination = Guinea pig Heart response assay = Pigeon Histamine presence check = Various animal tissues Blood histamine measurement = Mast cells and basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the pigeon method, what must be done before the experiment with pigeons?

    <p>Withhold food for 16-28 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pigeons are grouped based on their weight, breed, and gender prior to anesthetization.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organs in animals are particularly rich in histamine?

    <p>Skin, gastric mucosa, intestinal mucosa, lungs, liver, placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacology-II (Theory)

    • Unit V: Pharmacology of drugs acting on endocrine system.
      • Androgens and anabolic steroids.
        • Testosterone is the primary natural androgen.
        • Synthesized by interstitial cells of the testes and ovaries/adrenal cortex.
        • Causes secondary sex characteristics in males.
        • Isolated and synthesized in 1935.
        • Natural androgens exist.
        • Testes produce 5-12 mg testosterone daily.
        • Converted into dihydrotestosterone (more active form) by the enzyme steroid 5a-reductase.
        • Adrenal cortex produces weaker androgens (androstenedione/dehydroepiandrosterone).
        • Weaker androgens are converted to testosterone by peripheral tissues.
        • Women's ovaries produce small amounts (0.25-0.5 mg/day).
        • Androsterone is a testosterone metabolite excreted in urine (1/10 activity).
        • Synthetic androgens (methyltestosterone, fluoxymesterone).
          • Orally active due to resistance to first-pass metabolism.
          • Have lower androgenic effect and potential for cholestatic jaundice.
          • Others like testosterone undecanoate and mesterolone are administered via injection.
      • Estrogens, progesterone and oral contraceptives.
      • Drugs acting on the uterus.
    • Unit 6: Bioassay.
      • Principles and applications of bioassay.
      • Types of bioassay.
      • Bioassay of insulin, oxytocin, vasopressin, ACTH, d-tubocurarine, digitalis, histamine, and 5-HT.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on biological assays, focusing on the insulin injection experiment and vasopressin. This quiz covers various aspects including methodology, animal weight ranges, and assay standards. Dive into the details and enhance your understanding of this crucial area in biology.

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