29 Questions
What is the function of glycogen in animals, fungi, and bacteria?
Energy storage
What is the primary constituent of organic matter in plants?
Carbohydrates
In which type of cells are polysaccharides rich?
Liver and muscle cells
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
Energy storage
In which type of cells are lipids rich?
Fat tissue cells
What is the source of essential amino acids for humans and other animals?
Plant cells
What is biotechnology?
Using living organisms, or the products of living organisms, for human benefit
What is an example of fermentation in biotechnology?
The use of yeast in bread making and alcohol production
What is the purpose of DNA cloning?
To work directly with specific genes
What is the result of DNA cloning?
Multiple copies of a specific gene or DNA segment
What was a major challenge to biologists early in the 20th century?
The identification of the molecules of inheritance
What is the main characteristic of glucosinolates?
They contain both sulfur and nitrogen atoms
What is the primary purpose of plant secondary metabolites in the plant itself?
To defend against predators and diseases
What is the result of the leaching or percolation extraction method?
The solvent passes through the biomass
What are some examples of plant secondary metabolites that contribute to the flavor and taste of herbs?
Phenolics, flavanoids, and coumarins
What is the purpose of the purification process in plant metabolite extraction?
To remove impurities and produce a high-quality extract
What is a microbe?
A minute living organism, such as a bacterium, yeast, or fungus
What is the primary goal of biofortification?
To increase the nutritional value of crops
What is the conventional method of biofortification?
Selective breeding
What is the purpose of genetic modification in biofortification?
To introduce foreign genes for increased nutrient production
What is golden rice?
A biofortified rice produced through genetic engineering
What is the benefit of golden rice?
The human body can convert the beta-carotene in the rice grain to vitamin A
Why is vitamin A important in golden rice?
It is lacking in the diets of the world's poorest children
What is the primary goal of developing Golden Rice?
To raise the levels of vitamin A in children deficient in this micronutrient
What is a concern related to the health benefits of Golden Rice?
Vitamin A is fat-soluble and children with VAD rarely have fats in their diet
What can occur if a transfer gene interrupts a promoter region?
It can cause a resident gene to be over expressed and result in increased toxicity
Why is it difficult to predict allergenicity in GM foods?
Because a gene extracted from one source may not be allergenic but can cross react with other proteins or be over expressed in the transgenic product
What should be done before approving GM foods for mass production and sale?
They should be rigorously tested before approval for mass production and sale
What is a potential problem with gene insertion in GM foods?
It can silence an endogenous gene and cause a decreased nutritional value of the progeny plant
This quiz covers the biochemical constituents of cells, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. It also discusses the variations in water content and the characteristics of glycogen.
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