Biochemistry Module 5: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
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Questions and Answers

What is the phosphate group attached to in a nucleotide?

  • The 5'-OH of a nucleoside (correct)
  • The 3'-OH of a nucleoside
  • The sugar molecule
  • The nitrogen-containing base

    • What type of linkage connects the sugar molecules in a polynucleotide?

  • Glycosidic linkage
  • Phosphodiester linkage (correct)
  • Peptide bond
  • Hydrogen bond

    • What is the function of the sequence of bases in DNA?

  • To facilitate protein synthesis
  • To carry genetic information (correct)
  • To regulate gene expression
  • To provide structural support

    • What is the orientation of the two strands in a DNA molecule?

    <p>Anti-parallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who contributed to the discovery of DNA's structure using X-ray crystallography?

    <p>Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

    <p>A right-handed double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

    <p>To carry information from DNA to the ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of removing introns from an hnRNA molecule and joining the exons together?

    <p>Splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA in an organism?

    <p>To store and transmit genetic information from one generation to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules?

    <p>Cloverleaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a pyrimidine derivative?

    <p>Use of the suffix '-idine'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid?

    <p>Codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells?

    <p>Chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

    <p>To provide the site for polypeptide assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the complex of snRNA and proteins that is involved in splicing?

    <p>Splicesome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?

    <p>A nucleoside is formed by joining a monosaccharide with a nitrogen-base, while a nucleotide is a single nitrogen-base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of RNA in an organism?

    <p>To translate genetic information into proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a deoxyribonucleoside?

    <p>Addition of the prefix 'deoxy-'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a tRNA molecule brings the first amino acid to the ribosome?

    <p>Initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a stop codon in translation?

    <p>To terminate protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are added to a DNA molecule?

    <p>Insertion mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a silent mutation on the organism?

    <p>Negligible effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a nonsense mutation?

    <p>A stop codon, terminating protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of transferring genetic information from RNA to a sequence of amino acids in a protein?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a deletion mutation occurs in a DNA molecule?

    <p>One or more nucleotides are lost from the DNA molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a virus?

    <p>It is incapable of replicating alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

    <p>To amplify a specific portion of a DNA molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recombinant DNA?

    <p>DNA that contains segments from more than one source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a vaccine?

    <p>To prevent a disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end result of DNA fingerprinting?

    <p>A set of horizontal bands on an X-ray film.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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