Behavioral Changes and Stress Effects Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI)?

To measure air quality in farming

To calculate milk production in dairy cattle

To assess human comfort levels (correct)

To determine the effects of stress on animals

At what THI level is it considered safe for humans?

79 – 83

84 and above

75 – 78

70 – 74 (correct)

Which strategy is NOT mentioned as a method for thermal management?

Feeding during the day (correct)

Building design

Cooling

Ventilation

What are the environmental parameters used for assessing heat stress in dairy cattle?

Temperature and humidity metrics Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following conditions would THI readings be categorized as danger?

79 – 83 Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the physiological changes that stress can affect in animals?

Decreased cognitive function Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter is crucial for monitoring environmental conditions as part of thermal management?

Humidity levels Signup and view all the answers

What does a THI above 84 indicate?

Emergency conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) range classified as 'DANGER'?

78 – 82 Signup and view all the answers

Which index combines temperature, humidity, and radiant heat to assess heat stress?

Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI) Signup and view all the answers

What is the THI classification for a value of 84?

EMERGENCY Signup and view all the answers

What does the Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI) NOT take into account?

Soil moisture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a heat stress monitoring device mentioned?

Heart Rate Monitor Signup and view all the answers

What indicates an 'ALERT' status in the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI)?

73 – 77 Signup and view all the answers

Which device is designed to monitor physiological parameters in livestock?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How is the Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI) primarily utilized?

To assess heat stress in livestock Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of homeothermy in animals?

To maintain body core temperature constant Signup and view all the answers

What physiological response occurs when an animal experiences cold stress?

Piloerection and vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What defines the zone of thermal comfort for an animal?

The animal feels neither hot nor cold Signup and view all the answers

What is observed during the zone of thermoneutrality?

Homeothermic state is maintained without heat production increase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occurs during heat stress in animals?

Increased respiration and sweating Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood vessels in the skin during the zone of thermal comfort?

They are neither dilated nor constricted Signup and view all the answers

What is the range defined by Lower Critical Temperature (LCT) and Upper Critical Temperature (UCT)?

The zone of thermoneutrality Signup and view all the answers

What would indicate an animal's response to heat stress?

Increased respiration rate Signup and view all the answers

What happens to heat production when homeothermy fails?

Core temperature and heat production decline. Signup and view all the answers

How does increased feed intake relate to maintaining homeothermy?

It sustains an increased metabolic rate. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when environmental temperature approaches skin temperature?

Vapor loss can no longer increase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected effect on appetite when an organism is above the zone of thermal neutrality?

Appetite depression. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Animal Thermal Environment'?

The temperature conditions that determine animal behavior and survival. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily triggers an increase in evaporative mechanisms?

Increase in core temperature. Signup and view all the answers

Which animals are primarily known for exhibiting homeothermy?

Mammals and birds Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between feed intake and productivity below the zone of thermal neutrality?

Increased feed intake is needed to maintain core temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamus gland in the homeothermic system?

To regulate body temperature and emotional responses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal body temperature range for pigs?

38.7°C – 39.8°C Signup and view all the answers

When homeothermy fails, what is one effect on core temperature?

It declines. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of insufficient feed intake during periods of thermal stress?

Reduction in productivity. Signup and view all the answers

How does the Temperature-Humidity Index influence animals?

It measures the impact of temperature and humidity on the comfort of animals. Signup and view all the answers

What role does moisture play in the thermal environment of animals?

It affects the regulation and balance of animal heat. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is false regarding animal homeothermy?

All animals are capable of maintaining a constant body temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of air velocity on animals' thermal environment?

It enhances the cooling effect on the animal's body. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Behavioral Changes and Reproductive Stress

Stress affects animal behavior and reproductive health, impairing physical and cognitive functions.
Physiological changes lead to increased vulnerability to health issues.

Thermal Management

Early detection of stress includes monitoring symptoms and environmental conditions.
Environmental control strategies encompass building design, ventilation, and cooling systems.
Feeding strategies may include night-time feeding and manipulating feed rations to support animal health.

Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle

Temperature-Humidity Index (THI): Measures perceived temperature at high humidity, indicating heat stress levels.
THI thresholds:
- SAFE: 70 – 74
- ALERT: 75 – 78
- DANGER: 79 – 83
- EMERGENCY: 84 and above
THI is also a predictor of production efficiency in livestock.

Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI)

BGHI evaluates heat stress in livestock by incorporating temperature, humidity, and radiant heat.
Factors assessed include dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, radiation, and air velocity.

Heat Stress Monitoring Devices

Various devices aid in monitoring heat stress in animals, including:
- Thermal Imaging Cameras
- Rumen Boluses
- Implantable Thermo-Sensors
- Tympanic Sensors
- Neck-Mounted Activity Collars

Animal Thermal Environment

The thermal environment affects animal behavior, well-being, and survival amidst varying temperature conditions.
Key factors include air temperature, moisture, air velocity, and solar radiation.

Animal Homeothermy

Homeothermy refers to the ability to maintain a stable internal body temperature despite external variations, primarily observed in mammals and birds.
Normal body temperatures for mammals range significantly; for example:
- Dogs and Cats: 38.3°C – 39.2°C
- Cows: 38.6°C – 39.2°C
- Pigeons: 40°C – 41.1°C

Homeothermic System

The hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat, regulating temperature, food intake, and other vital functions.
Homeothermy or homeostasis enables animals to maintain core temperature, factoring in external conditions.

Zones of Thermal Comfort

Zone of thermal comfort: Animals feel neither hot nor cold, exhibiting no extreme vascular responses.
Zone of thermoneutrality: Sustains homeothermic state automatically without increased heat production.
Cold stress leads to vasoconstriction, while heat stress induces vasodilation and increased respiration.

Feed Intake and Thermal Stress

Below the thermal neutrality zone, increased feed intake is crucial for maintaining core temperature.
Above thermal neutrality, appetite may decrease, leading to reduced feed intake required for peak productivity in livestock.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the effects of stress on animals, including behavioral changes and reproductive stress. It explores various aspects such as physical health issues, cognitive function, and physiological changes. Designed for the 1st semester AY 2024-2025, it aims to assess understanding of animal behavior under stress.