Animal Response to Stress

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Questions and Answers

What hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

Insulin

What is the role of growth hormone in the human body?

Regulates growth and development of the body

What is the term for the condition caused by a deficiency of growth hormone in childhood?

Dwarfism

What hormones are responsible for the changes associated with puberty?

Testosterone in males and oestrogen in females Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism that regulates the timing and amount of hormone released?

Feedback mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition characterized by extreme tallness?

Gigantism Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an animal's body when it is in a scary situation, and why is this necessary?

The body prepares for either fighting or running away, which are complicated activities that require a lot of energy. This is necessary because both activities require energy and controlled responses from various tissue types. Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of relying solely on electrical impulses via nerve cells in preparing for fight or flight responses?

The range of tissues instructed to prepare for the coming activity would be limited. Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands to prepare the body for fight or flight responses?

Adrenaline Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adrenaline on the heart during fight or flight responses?

The heart beats faster, resulting in a supply of more oxygen to the muscles. Signup and view all the answers

How does adrenaline affect blood flow to the digestive system and skin during fight or flight responses?

Blood flow to the digestive system and skin is reduced due to the contraction of muscles around small arteries in these organs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall effect of adrenaline on the body during fight or flight responses?

The body is prepared to deal with the situation by increasing energy delivery to the muscles and optimizing bodily functions for fight or flight responses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adrenaline on breathing rate during fight or flight responses?

Breathing rate increases due to the contractions of the diaphragm and the rib muscles. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advantageous for animals, including humans, to have a system that prepares the body for fight or flight responses?

It enables the body to respond quickly and effectively to emergency situations, increasing the chances of survival. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hormonal Means of Information Transmission in Animals

In scary situations, animals like squirrels prepare their bodies for fight or flight by integrating activities of different tissue types, which require a great deal of energy.
This preparation is achieved through chemical signals, such as hormones, that reach all cells of the body and provide the necessary changes.

Adrenaline Hormone

Adrenaline is a hormone secreted from the adrenal glands that prepares the body for fight or flight.
It is secreted directly into the blood and carried to different parts of the body, including the heart, which beats faster to supply more oxygen to muscles.
Adrenaline also reduces blood flow to the digestive system and skin, and increases breathing rate due to contractions of the diaphragm and rib muscles.

Endocrine System

The endocrine system is a second way of control and coordination in the body, which includes hormones like adrenaline.
It constitutes a system of glands that produce and secrete hormones that regulate various bodily functions.

Growth Hormone

Growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and regulates growth and development of the body.
Deficiency of this hormone in childhood leads to dwarfism.
Growth hormone also regulates puberty changes in boys and girls.

Insulin Hormone

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels.
It is released in response to high blood sugar levels, which are detected by the cells of the pancreas.
Insulin secretion is reduced when blood sugar levels fall.

Feedback Mechanisms in Hormone Regulation

Hormone secretion is regulated by feedback mechanisms that ensure precise quantities are released.
For example, insulin secretion is regulated by blood sugar levels, which are detected by the pancreas cells.

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Description

This quiz explores how animals respond to scary situations, preparing their bodies for fight or flight. It delves into the complex physiological processes involved in these responses.