Basic Chemistry: The Chemical Basis of Life Quiz

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Which type of fat has been altered by the addition of hydrogen atoms?

Polyunsaturated fats

Phospholipids

Eicosanoids

Trans fats (correct)

What is the main difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules?

Hydrophilic molecules have non-polar ends that are repelled by water, while hydrophobic molecules have polar ends that are attracted to water.

Hydrophilic molecules are larger in size than hydrophobic molecules.

Hydrophilic molecules are made of carbon and hydrogen, while hydrophobic molecules contain phosphorus.

Hydrophilic molecules have polar ends that are attracted to water, while hydrophobic molecules have non-polar ends that are repelled by water. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of proteins?

Serve as structural components

Regulate chemical reactions

Cause muscle contraction

Are made up of only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms (correct)

Which of the following is an important regulatory molecule derived from fatty acids?

Prostaglandins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in the body?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when ions separate in an ionic compound dissolved in polar water?

Dissociation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of denaturation on the shape of proteins?

Denaturation causes the proteins to change their shape. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a classification of chemical reactions?

Substitution Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the substances that result from a chemical reaction?

Products Signup and view all the answers

Which type of energy is stored in chemical bonds?

Chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for synthesis reactions that occur in the body?

Anabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed or depleted?

Catalyst Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH range of blood?

7.35 - 7.45 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fatty acid has one or more double covalent bonds?

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Signup and view all the answers

What molecule is the by-product of the breakdown of food molecules?

Carbon Dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrates are the smallest and considered simple sugars?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

In which situation does blood pH drop below 7.35?

Acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecules do not contain carbon?

Inorganic Molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between mass and weight?

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the gravitational force acting on an object. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of an atom?

An atom consists of a dense core called the nucleus, surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

In an ionic bond, electrons are transferred between atoms, while in a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond?

Polar covalent bonds involve the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve the equal sharing of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

A molecule consists of two or more atoms that are chemically combined, while a compound consists of two or more different elements that are chemically combined. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hydrogen bonds in biological systems?

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between polar molecules that play a crucial role in the structure and function of biological molecules like DNA and proteins. Signup and view all the answers