Basic Chemistry Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?

Atoms are made of protons, electrons, and molecules.

Protons are positively charged and found in the nucleus. (correct)

Neutrons carry a positive charge and are smaller than protons.

Electrons are found in the nucleus and have a positive charge.

What does the atomic mass of an element represent?

The weight of the electrons in the atom.

The number of protons in an atom.

The total number of electrons in the atom.

The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. (correct)

If an atom loses an electron, it becomes which of the following?

A different element.

A compound.

An isotope.

An ion. (correct)

What characterizes a covalent bond between atoms?

Atoms share electrons to form the bond. Signup and view all the answers

In a stable atom, the number of protons is equal to what?

The number of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What defines an isotope of an element?

It has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

What does the pH scale measure?

The concentration of free hydrogen ions in a solution. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct characteristic of ionic bonds?

They form when one atom donates an electron to another. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is formed through covalent bonding?

H2O Signup and view all the answers

If a solution has a pH of 8, it is considered to be what?

Basic (alkaline). Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an atom when the number of protons changes?

It becomes a different element. Signup and view all the answers

How can you determine the number of neutrons in an atom if given its atomic number and atomic mass?

Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about ions?

Ions have a charge different from neutral atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a compound from an element?

Compounds are formed from two or more elements bound together. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

Sodium chloride (NaCl) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the pH scale?

Each whole number change represents a tenfold change in acidity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest functional unit of a compound?

Molecule Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly differentiates ionic and covalent bonds?

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve sharing electrons. Signup and view all the answers

How is the atomic mass of an element determined?

By summing the number of protons and neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding isotopes?

Isotopes contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Chemistry

Elements are the simplest form of matter, indivisible into simpler substances.
The periodic table lists 120 known elements, each with a unique symbol (e.g., gold = Au).
Elements are composed of atoms.
Atoms consist of:
- Protons: Positively charged, located in the nucleus.
- Neutrons: No charge, located in the nucleus, similar size to protons.
- Electrons: Negatively charged, orbit the nucleus.
Atomic Number: The number above the element symbol, representing the number of protons. In a stable atom, it also equals the number of electrons.
Atomic Mass: The number below the element symbol, representing the total number of protons and neutrons.
To find the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass.
Changing the number of electrons changes the charge of an atom (forming an ion), but not the element.
Changing the number of protons changes the type of element.
Changing the number of neutrons creates an isotope, which is often unstable and radioactive.
Compounds are formed by combining two or more elements (e.g., H₂O, CO₂, NaCl).
Compounds bond through different types:
- Ionic bonds: One atom donates an electron to another (example: NaCl).
- Covalent bonds: Atoms share electrons (example: CH₄).
Molecules are the smallest functional units of compounds (e.g., a single H₂O molecule).
pH scale measures free hydrogen ions in a solution.
pH 7 is neutral.
pH < 7 is acidic.
pH > 7 is basic (alkaline).
Each whole number change on the pH scale represents a 10-fold difference in acidity or basicity (e.g., pH 4 is 10 times more acidic than pH 5).

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Description

Test your knowledge of basic chemistry concepts, including the structure and properties of elements, atoms, and their subatomic particles. This quiz covers the periodic table, atomic number, atomic mass, and more. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand the foundational elements of chemistry.