Basic Chemistry Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of protons in an atom?

They are responsible for the charge of the atom.

They define the atomic number of the element. (correct)

They provide stability to the nucleus.

They are found orbiting around the nucleus.

What happens to an atom when the number of protons changes?

It gains or loses neutrons.

It changes into a different element. (correct)

It loses its charge.

It becomes an isotope.

Which of the following correctly describes an ion?

An atom that has lost or gained neutrons.

An atom with a neutral charge.

An atom with more protons than electrons.

An atom that has a charge different from neutral. (correct)

How is the number of neutrons in an atom determined?

By subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass. Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons?

Covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest functional unit of a compound called?

Molecule Signup and view all the answers

What does a pH of 7 represent?

Neutral solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the pH scale being logarithmic?

Each number increase represents a factor of 10. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes ionic bonds?

Electrons are donated from one atom to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic mass of an element?

The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is represented by the symbol 'Au'?

Gold Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about molecules is true?

Molecules can consist of two or more different atoms. Signup and view all the answers

How many elements are currently known and classified in the periodic table?

120 Signup and view all the answers

What does pH measure in a solution?

The concentration of free hydrogen ions. Signup and view all the answers

What charge does a neutral atom have?

No charge Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is represented by the compound NaCl?

Ionic bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the pH values of 4 and 5?

pH 4 is ten times more acidic than pH 5. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the number of neutrons in an atom changes but the number of protons remains the same?

The atom becomes a different isotope of the same element. Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs when one atom donates an electron to another atom?

Ionic bonding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the atomic number of an element?

Number of protons in the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is formed by covalent bonds?

CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the pH scale makes a pH of 4 ten times more acidic than a pH of 5?

It is logarithmic in nature. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Chemistry

Elements are the simplest form of matter, and cannot be broken down further.
The periodic table contains 120 known elements, each with a unique symbol. Gold, for example, is Au.
Atoms are the building blocks of elements.
Atoms consist of:
- Protons: Positively charged, located in the nucleus.
- Neutrons: No charge, located in the nucleus. Similar size to protons.
- Electrons: Negatively charged, orbiting the nucleus. Extremely small compared to protons/neutrons.
Atomic Number: The number above the element's symbol. Indicates the total number of protons and, in a stable atom, the number of electrons.
Atomic Mass: The number below the symbol. Represents the total number of protons and neutrons. To find the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass.
Ions: Atoms with a charge different from zero. Changing the number of electrons changes the charge but not the element.
Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. They are usually unstable and radioactive.
Compounds: Two or more different elements combined. Examples include water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and table salt (NaCl).
Compounds are held together by:
- Ionic Bonds: One atom donates an electron to another. Example: NaCl (Table salt).
- Covalent Bonds: Atoms share electrons. Example: CH₄ (Methane).
Molecules: The smallest unit of a compound. For instance, H₂O is a single water molecule.
pH Scale: Measures the concentration of free hydrogen ions in a solution. It's logarithmic, so each whole number change represents a 10-fold difference.
A pH of 7 is neutral.
A pH less than 7 is acidic.
A pH greater than 7 is basic (alkaline).

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Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts in basic chemistry, including elements, atoms, and their components. Test your knowledge of the periodic table, atomic number, and atomic mass. You will also learn about ions and isotopes, essential concepts for understanding chemical behavior.