30 Questions
Which part of the brain is responsible for the affective aspects of the Default Mode Network?
Ventral medial prefrontal cortex
Which brain region is involved in motivated behaviour and reinforcement of stimuli to different areas of the basal ganglia and cortex?
Ventral striatum
Which brain region is responsible for value assignment in the Value Guided Choice System?
Lateral orbitofrontal cortex
Which part of the brain is involved in visual motion and oculomotor decision?
Area V5/ middle temporal visual areas
Which brain region is responsible for action value comparison in the Value Guided Choice System?
Anterior cingulate cortex
Which brain region is responsible for value comparison in the Value Guided Choice System?
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
What is the primary function of the amygdala in relation to the OFC?
Updating the values of expected outcomes
What determines the targets for action in the voluntary action system?
The task the organism is engaged in and the environment
What is the function of the premotor cortex?
To translate targets into motor targets
What is the division in the exogenous information stream?
A dorsal path for visually guided movements and a ventral path for skilled tool-related movements
What is the result of the amygdala's updating function and the OFC's storage of values?
Animals are able to choose advantageously when there are multiple competing cues
What is the role of the medial prefrontal cortex?
To select endogenously derived action targets
What type of cognition is associated with the prefrontal cortex?
'Dry' forms of cognition
What is a well-defined and easy to handle goal in the context of reward processing?
Obtaining a reward
What region of the prefrontal cortex is involved in predicting rewards expected from different options and cues?
Orbital frontal cortex
What is the function of the lateral PFC in the context of goal-directed behavior?
It represents the options and cues in the environment
Which region of the prefrontal cortex is involved in representing the possible action to obtain the predicted rewards?
Medial PFC (cingulate cortex)
What is the term used to describe the process of updating stimulus-reward associations?
Stimulus-reward association updating
What is the main function of the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia?
To oppose the disinhibition of the direct pathway
Which structure receives a strong excitatory input from the cortex and projects to the globus pallidus (internal segment) and substantia nigra pars reticulata?
Subthalamic nucleus
Which loop begins at the frontal eye fields / supplementary eye fields and projects to the caudate nucleus?
Oculomotor Loop
What is the net effect of the indirect pathway on the basal ganglia outputs?
Increased inhibition
Which structure is tonically active and receives input from the caudate and putamen?
Globus pallidus external segment
What is the role of the indirect pathway in the motor loop?
To modulate the effects of the direct pathway
What is the primary function of the ventral lateral PFC according to Passingham et al (2004)?
Cognitive control of task execution
What is the main idea presented in Xu et al (2014)?
Task-dependent switching in communication between PFC and sensory areas
What is the primary contribution of Bunge et al (2003) to the field of neuroscience?
An empirical test of Miller's ideas on the role of PFC in goal-directed behavior
According to Passingham et al (2004), what is the key characteristic of sustained activity in PFC?
It is outcome-dependent
What is the main difference between the ideas presented in Passingham et al (2004) and Miller's model?
Passingham et al argue that PFC is involved in cognitive control, while Miller's model suggests it is only involved in WM
What is the main conclusion that can be drawn from the studies mentioned in the text?
PFC is involved in cognitive control and task execution
This quiz covers the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia, including the role of inhibitory neurons and their connections to the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. Learn about the glutamate-mediated excitatory input from the cortex and the resulting increase in inhibitory outflow.
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