Bailey & Love Chapter: Clinical Anatomy of the Pelvis

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Questions and Answers

What is the pelvic floor?

A group of muscles that support the rectum and anal canal

A ligamentous structure that connects the sacrum to the coccyx

A bony structure that forms the superior wall of the pelvis

A muscular and fascial layer that forms the inferior wall of the pelvis (correct)

Which muscle arises from the anterior iliac fossa?

Obturator internus

Gluteus minimus

Gluteus medius

Iliacus (correct)

Which structure separates the greater sciatic notch from the lesser sciatic notch?

Ischial spine (correct)

Sacroiliac ligaments

Auricular surface

Iliac crest

What is the function of the iliac crest?

To provide attachment for muscles of the lower limb Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the rectum?

To store and eliminate feces Signup and view all the answers

What type of surface is found on the medial aspect of the ilium?

Pelvic surface Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is attached to the gluteal surface of the ilium?

Gluteus minimus Signup and view all the answers

What is the coccyx?

A bone that forms the posterior wall of the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What lies above the ischial tuberosity?

Sciatic nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pelvic floor muscles?

To support the pelvic viscera Signup and view all the answers

What attaches to the posterior aspect of the ischial spine?

Sacrospinous ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the articulated pelvis composed of?

Two hip bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bladder?

To store and eliminate urine Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms the upper two-fifths of the acetabulum?

Ilium Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of urination?

Micturition Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is attached to the femoral surface of the ischial body?

Obturator externus Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the pelvic surface of the sacrum?

Concave Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament attaches the 5th lumbar transverse process to the posterior iliac crest?

Iliolumbar ligament Signup and view all the answers

What structures pass through the sacral canal?

Cauda equina, cerebrospinal fluid, and spinal nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the accessory ligaments of the sacrum?

To maintain stability to the joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the dorsal surface of the sacrum?

Convex Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sacral hiatus?

To provide a pathway for the cauda equina Signup and view all the answers

What is the attachment of the sacrospinous ligament?

From the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx to the ischial spine Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement is possible at the sacrum due to its irregularities?

Slight gliding and rotation Signup and view all the answers

What is the lower part of the sacrum that articulates with the coccyx?

Apex Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pubic arch?

Formed by the articulation of the pubic bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ligament that attaches to the articular margins of the sacroiliac joint?

Capsular ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the joint between the sacrum and the ilium?

Sacroiliac joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ridge that diverges from the pubic tubercle?

Pectineal line Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the canal that conveys the sacral segmental nerves?

Sacral canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the strong ligament that unites the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium?

Interosseous sacroiliac ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the projecting anterior margin of the sacrum?

Promontory Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of the maximum diameter of the pelvic inlet in the female?

Transverse Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the brim of the male pelvis?

Heart-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of symphysiotomy?

To enlarge the birth canal for delivery Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the ischiopubic ramus in the male pelvis?

It is everted along the attachment of the crura of the penis Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle of the subpubic angle in the male pelvis?

Less than 90 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of the pelvis in the erect posture?

Oblique Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the acetabulum in the male pelvis?

It is larger Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the joint between the two pubic bones?

Secondary cartilaginous Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Pelvis

The pelvis consists of two hip (innominate) bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx.
The ilium forms the upper two-fifths of the acetabulum and expands superiorly into a flattened plate, the ala.
The ala has lateral (gluteal) and medial (pelvic) surfaces surmounted by the iliac crest and separated by anterior and posterior borders.
The gluteal surface gives attachment to the glutei muscles, and the medial surface is divided into a posterior auricular surface and an anterior iliac fossa.
The posterior auricular surface articulates with the sacrum, and the anterior iliac fossa gives rise to the iliacus muscle.
The sacrum is formed of five fused sacral vertebrae, triangular in shape, with a base superiorly, an apex inferiorly, and a dorsal, a pelvic, and two lateral surfaces.

Joints and Ligaments of the Pelvic Girdle

The sacroiliac joint is a plane synovial joint between the irregular auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium.
The joint has capsular, extracapsular, and accessory ligaments that provide stability and limit movement.
The ligaments include the ventral and dorsal sacroiliac ligaments, interosseous sacroiliac ligament, sacrotuberous ligament, and sacrospinous ligament.
Movement is limited to slight gliding and rotation, and stability is maintained entirely by the ligaments.

The Sacrum

The sacrum is divided by four paired rows of sacral foramina into a median portion and a pair of lateral masses.
The pelvic and dorsal sacral foramina communicate with the central sacral canal and convey the sacral segmental nerves.
The base of the sacrum faces upwards and forwards, with an anterior margin known as the promontory.
The apex of the sacrum articulates with the coccyx.

Muscles and Fasciae of the Pelvis

The pelvic surface of the body gives attachment to the obturator internus muscle, and levator ani and coccygeus are attached to the medial surface of the spine.
The pelvic floor consists of the levator ani, coccygeus, and the perineal muscles.
The rectum and anal canal are supported by the pelvic floor and are surrounded by the pelvic fascia.

Sex Differences

The male pelvis is rougher, thicker, and heavier than the female pelvis.
The male pelvis has a heart-shaped brim, a longer cavity, and a narrower outlet than the female pelvis.
The male acetabulum is larger, and the ischiopubic ramus is everted along the attachment of the crura of the penis.
The subpubic angle in the male pelvis is less than 90 degrees, often as acute as 60 degrees, whereas the female's is 90 degrees or more.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential clinical anatomy of the pelvis, including the hip bone and micturition.