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A pilot is approaching an airport with an aircraft height of 0.2 nautical miles and a marker distance of 4 nautical miles. What is the angle of approach in degrees? (Use the formula provided in the content.)
A pilot is approaching an airport with an aircraft height of 0.2 nautical miles and a marker distance of 4 nautical miles. What is the angle of approach in degrees? (Use the formula provided in the content.)
What is the minimum Runway Visual Range (RVR) required for a pilot to initiate a Category II approach?
What is the minimum Runway Visual Range (RVR) required for a pilot to initiate a Category II approach?
Which airport lighting indicator provides the pilot with information about the available width of the runway for landing?
Which airport lighting indicator provides the pilot with information about the available width of the runway for landing?
What is the primary function of the Approach LTS?
What is the primary function of the Approach LTS?
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Which airport lighting indicator is designed to create the perception of movement toward the runway?
Which airport lighting indicator is designed to create the perception of movement toward the runway?
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In the diagram of the airport lighting infrastructure, the distance between the Touchdown Zone LTS and the Runway Edge LTS is?
In the diagram of the airport lighting infrastructure, the distance between the Touchdown Zone LTS and the Runway Edge LTS is?
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What is the purpose of the Glide Slope Transmitter (GLIDESLOPE TX)?
What is the purpose of the Glide Slope Transmitter (GLIDESLOPE TX)?
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A pilot is using a Category II approach to land. What is the minimum requirement for the Cat II equipment on his aircraft?
A pilot is using a Category II approach to land. What is the minimum requirement for the Cat II equipment on his aircraft?
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What is the primary function of a Marker Beacon system?
What is the primary function of a Marker Beacon system?
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Which marker is typically the first one encountered during an instrument landing approach?
Which marker is typically the first one encountered during an instrument landing approach?
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What is the tone frequency associated with the Middle Marker (MM)?
What is the tone frequency associated with the Middle Marker (MM)?
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What color is the light associated with the Inner Marker (IM) on the indicator panel?
What color is the light associated with the Inner Marker (IM) on the indicator panel?
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If an aircraft is at a height of 0.2 nm on the outer marker, Which is placed at 4 nm from the runway, what is a plausible angle of approach?
If an aircraft is at a height of 0.2 nm on the outer marker, Which is placed at 4 nm from the runway, what is a plausible angle of approach?
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What does the pilot do when requested to enter a ‘holding pattern’?
What does the pilot do when requested to enter a ‘holding pattern’?
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What indicates that the aircraft is on the correct glideslope?
What indicates that the aircraft is on the correct glideslope?
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What is the characteristic sound of an Airway or Fan marker signal?
What is the characteristic sound of an Airway or Fan marker signal?
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How are fan marker signals typically received in the aircraft?
How are fan marker signals typically received in the aircraft?
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What is the typical shape of the signal emitted by a Fan marker?
What is the typical shape of the signal emitted by a Fan marker?
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What is the power density calculated when the transmitter power is 10x10^3 and the distance is 10?
What is the power density calculated when the transmitter power is 10x10^3 and the distance is 10?
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What voltage does the audio AC in the airborne marker beacon system produce to light the indicator light?
What voltage does the audio AC in the airborne marker beacon system produce to light the indicator light?
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Which audio tone corresponds to the amber middle marker light activation?
Which audio tone corresponds to the amber middle marker light activation?
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When is the marker beacon system turned on during a flight?
When is the marker beacon system turned on during a flight?
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What does the Flight Warning Computer (FWC) do in relation to the marker system?
What does the Flight Warning Computer (FWC) do in relation to the marker system?
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Which component of the airborne marker beacon system is responsible for filtering the received signals?
Which component of the airborne marker beacon system is responsible for filtering the received signals?
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What is the frequency that corresponds to the blue outer marker light?
What is the frequency that corresponds to the blue outer marker light?
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Which of the following components is NOT part of the marker beacon receiver system?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the marker beacon receiver system?
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In the context of the marker system, what is the significance of the ILS mode?
In the context of the marker system, what is the significance of the ILS mode?
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What function does the 3000 Hz tone serve in the marker beacon system?
What function does the 3000 Hz tone serve in the marker beacon system?
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What is the primary function of the 400 Hz tone in the marker beacon system?
What is the primary function of the 400 Hz tone in the marker beacon system?
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In a typical instrument landing approach, how does the pilot utilize the marker beacons prior to visual confirmation of the runway?
In a typical instrument landing approach, how does the pilot utilize the marker beacons prior to visual confirmation of the runway?
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What is the unique characteristic of an airway or 'fan' marker signal that distinguishes it from other marker beacons?
What is the unique characteristic of an airway or 'fan' marker signal that distinguishes it from other marker beacons?
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Considering the marker beacon lights in the cockpit panel, what is the sequence of the colors the pilot will observe when performing a standard instrument approach?
Considering the marker beacon lights in the cockpit panel, what is the sequence of the colors the pilot will observe when performing a standard instrument approach?
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Given a typical marker beacon system setup, what purpose does the high-pitched (3000 Hz) tone serve?
Given a typical marker beacon system setup, what purpose does the high-pitched (3000 Hz) tone serve?
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Study Notes
Marker Systems
- Marker beacons are used during final approach to a runway.
- Their purpose is to indicate the airplane's position over a geographical location, like points along an air route or instrument landing path.
- Marker beacons are categorized into Outer Marker (OM), Middle Marker (MM), and Inner Marker (IM).
Learning Outcomes
- Topics covered in this chapter include ground signals of marker beacon systems, airport lighting indicators, the airborne marker beacon system, and the marker system interface.
Marker Beacon System
- Outer Marker (OM): Located 4 nautical miles (nm) from the runway.
- Middle Marker (MM): Located 3500 feet (ft) from the runway.
- Inner Marker (IM): Located 250 ft from the runway.
Ground Signals of Marker Beacon System
- Specific codes, lights (e.g., blue, amber, white), and coded tones (400 Hz, 1300 Hz, 3000 Hz) are used to identify the markers at different distances from the runway.
- OM: 4 nm, Blue light, 400 Hz
- MM: 3500 ft, Amber light, 1300 Hz
- IM: 250 ft, White light, 3000 Hz
Marker Operation
- Pilots may enter a holding pattern using the outer marker.
- Once on the approach course, the aircraft crosses the markers in sequence as it descends.
- The aircraft proceeds to landing.
Airport Lighting Indicators
- Runway Visual Range (RVR): 1200 feet or greater when initiating a Category II approach.
- Category II approach requires certified Category II equipment.
- Various lights (sequenced flashing lights, approach lights, runway edge lights, touchdown zone lights, runway centerline lights) aid pilots in their approach, visually assisting with positioning, runway width, and touchdown areas on the runway.
Airways marker (Fan Marker)
- Transmits high-pitched (3000 Hz) signals as repeated dots and/or dashes.
- Located within airways.
- Radiates a narrow vertical fan-shaped beam.
- The fan marker is received in the aircraft via two marker receivers.
- High pitched tones are delivered to the pilot via headset.
- The marker receiver indicator panel shows a light flash.
Airborne Marker Beacon System
- Aircraft marker beacon receiver systems include a 75 MHz filter, RF amplifier and detector, and 3-audio filters to distinguish audio tones.
- The audio (~6 volts) activates indicator lights.
- The audio tones for the lights are:
- 400 Hz: Lights a blue outer marker light.
- 1300 Hz: Lights an amber middle marker light.
- 3000 Hz: Lights a white marker/airways marker light.
- The system is activated when the airplane's electrical buses are energized, and the appropriate MKR BCN circuit breaker is closed.
Example 2-1
- In an example from Singapore airport, calculating the angle of approach given height and distance from outer marker. Angle = 2.8°.
Example 2-2
- Demonstrates power density calculations for a TV transmitter at 10 nm from a marker. The result is 8 W/nm².
Marker System Interface
- Pilot uses the control unit to set ILS mode when near the airport.
- Marker beacon antennae receive signals which are identified and displayed as lights on the instrumentation panel.
- Flight Warning Computer (FWC) monitors the marker system and provides pilot warnings of any malfunctions in the system.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of marker beacon systems used in aviation. Learn about the Outer, Middle, and Inner Markers, their locations, and the ground signals associated with them. Test your knowledge on coded tones and lighting indicators vital for an airplane's final approach to the runway.
