Autonomic Nervous System & Cholinergic Drugs
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Autonomic Nervous System & Cholinergic Drugs

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Questions and Answers

Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic fibers in the autonomic nervous system?

  • Norepinephrine
  • Dopamine
  • Acetylcholine (correct)
  • Epinephrine
  • The sympathetic nervous system primarily uses acetylcholine as its primary neurotransmitter.

    False

    Name one type of receptor associated with the cholinergic system.

    Nicotinic or Muscarinic

    The _______ system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response.

    <p>sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following adrenergic receptors with their primary function:

    <p>Alpha-1 = Postsynaptic (smooth muscle) Alpha-2 = Presynaptic, at peripheral adrenergic nerve terminals Beta-1 = Heart Beta-2 = Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is not part of the efferent division of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Afferent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The autonomic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Parasympathetic and sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system primarily use ______ as their neurotransmitter.

    <p>norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs would be classified as antimuscarinic agents?

    <p>Atropine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autonomic Nervous System

    • The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates functions such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal.
    • It is a part of the peripheral nervous system, and one of its key functions is to maintain homeostasis.
    • This system has two main branches: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
    • The sympathetic nervous system is referred to as the "fight or flight" system, and the parasympathetic nervous system is referred to as the "rest and digest" system.

    Cholinergic Drugs

    • Cholinergic drugs are compounds that act as agonists or antagonists of acetylcholine.
    • Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
    • Cholinergic agonists mimic the action of acetylcholine, while cholinergic antagonists block the action of acetylcholine.
    • Cholinergic drugs are used to treat a variety of conditions, including glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, and Alzheimer's disease.

    Adrenergic Drugs

    • Adrenergic drugs are compounds that act as agonists or antagonists of norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
    • Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in the sympathetic nervous system.
    • Adrenergic agonists mimic the action of norepinephrine, while adrenergic antagonists block the action of norepinephrine.
    • Adrenergic drugs are used to treat a variety of conditions, including asthma, heart failure, and hypertension.

    Key Neurotransmitters and Receptors

    • Acetylcholine (ACh): a neurotransmitter that is present in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
    • Norepinephrine (NE): a neurotransmitter that is present in the sympathetic nervous system.
    • Nicotinic receptors: found on the postganglionic membranes of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, as well as on skeletal muscle (motor end plate).
    • Muscarinic receptors: found on the postganglionic membranes of the parasympathetic nervous system.
    • Alpha-1 receptors: found on postsynaptic smooth muscle.
    • Alpha-2 receptors: found on presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals.
    • Beta-1 receptors: found on the heart.
    • Beta-2 receptors: found on smooth muscle.
    • Dopamine receptors: found on the kidneys, where they help in regulating blood flow.

    Drug Effects

    • Pharmacokinetics: The study of the movement of drugs within the body (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion).
    • Pharmacodynamics: The study of the effects of drugs on the body.
    • Adverse effects: Undesirable effects of drugs.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of the autonomic nervous system and the role of cholinergic drugs. This quiz covers essential functions, including how these systems maintain homeostasis and how cholinergic drugs interact with neurotransmission. Perfect for students of physiology and pharmacology.

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