Autoimmune Diseases and Fractures Quiz
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Autoimmune Diseases and Fractures Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which autoimmune disease has an approximate frequency of anti-DNA antibodies at 100%?

  • Mixed connective tissue disease (correct)
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Sjögren's syndrome
  • Systemic sclerosis

    • What is the association of antibodies to Sm in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

  • Indicative of autoimmune hepatitis
  • Associated with photosensitive rash
  • Indicates renal involvement (correct)
  • Commonly found in all SLE patients

    • Which of the following diseases has the highest variability in the frequency of associated malignancies?

  • Infectious diseases (correct)
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Autoimmune hepatitis

    • What role do anti-DNA antibodies play in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Useful in monitoring disease severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensitivity and specificity of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) in autoimmune connective tissue diseases?

    <p>Low sensitivity and specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors can lead to different types of fractures?

    <p>Spontaneous minor trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial imaging for suspected vertebral fractures?

    <p>X-rays in two planes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key sign to look for on X-rays when assessing for vertebral fractures?

    <p>Displacement of the fracture ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What imaging should be used if clinical suspicion of a fracture remains high but X-rays are inconclusive?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical management for acute fracture care?

    <p>External immobilization and pain relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk is particularly associated with femoral neck fractures?

    <p>Non-union and avascular necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients over 50 with fragility fractures, what test should be performed?

    <p>DXA scan for osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common management strategy for treating underlying osteoporosis?

    <p>Medication targeting bone density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic triad observed in electromyography when investigating myopathy and inflammatory myositis?

    <p>Short-duration action potentials in a polyphasic outline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition typically presents with acute monoarthritis affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint?

    <p>Gout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with a rapid onset of joint pain within 6 to 12 hours, which condition is most suggestive?

    <p>Crystal arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is least likely to present with monoarthritis?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of haemarthrosis typically indicate?

    <p>A history of trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition commonly presents with synovial swelling and large effusion but has a gradual onset?

    <p>Pigmented villonodular synovitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arthritis is characterized by the presence of a previous diarrheal illness or genital infection?

    <p>Reactive arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of acute monoarthritis associated with an injury?

    <p>Haemarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment option can be used for calcific supraspinatus tendonitis that has not responded to glucocorticoid injection?

    <p>Barbotage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonly associated condition with adhesive capsulitis?

    <p>Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which exercise is recommended during the early treatment of adhesive capsulitis?

    <p>Pendulum exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of complete rotator cuff tears, what is the expected outcome for individuals over 40 years old after surgical repair?

    <p>Poor results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is indicative of lateral humeral epicondylitis?

    <p>Pain reproduced by resisted wrist extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best management approach for olecranon bursitis?

    <p>Rest, analgesics, and NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which examination finding is associated with bicipital tendinitis?

    <p>Tenderness over the bicipital groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended treatment for severe or persistent cases of adhesive capsulitis?

    <p>Surgical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of self-help and coping strategies for patients with incurable problems?

    <p>To increase self-management through self-assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a suggested coping strategy mentioned?

    <p>Use of pain medication only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of obesity in patients with osteoarthritis (OA)?

    <p>Increased mechanical strain and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What BMI range is considered appropriate for patients to maintain to reduce health risks?

    <p>20–25 kg/m²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Involving a spouse or partner in goal-setting primarily aims to address what aspect?

    <p>Partnership adjustment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk for adults with a BMI under 20 kg/m²?

    <p>Increased risk of fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical intervention is mentioned as a means to relieve pain and conserve function?

    <p>Soft tissue release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor specifically affects adolescents and young adults with chronic diseases?

    <p>Different demands and coping abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of oral NSAIDs in treating rheumatic diseases?

    <p>They provide pain relief by inhibiting COX enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which COX isoform is mainly involved in the production of prostaglandins during inflammation?

    <p>COX-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the principal risks associated with non-selective NSAIDs?

    <p>Gastrointestinal ulceration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do COX-2 selective NSAIDs have compared to non-selective NSAIDs?

    <p>They are less likely to cause gastrointestinal toxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional medication is recommended to reduce the gastrointestinal risks of NSAIDs?

    <p>A proton pump inhibitor (PPI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the odds ratio of bleeding or perforation associated with non-selective NSAIDs?

    <p>4–5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a common misconception regarding dyspepsia and NSAID-associated ulceration?

    <p>Dyspepsia is a poor guide to the presence of ulceration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes celecoxib and etoricoxib from other NSAIDs?

    <p>They selectively inhibit COX-2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Musculoskeletal System Disorders

    • Musculoskeletal diseases affect people of all ages.
    • They account for many new consultations in general practice.
    • Disorders arise from processes affecting bones, joints, muscles, or connective tissues.
    • Pain and impairment of locomotor function are typical manifestations.
    • Prevalence increases with age.

    Bone Structure and Development

    • Bones are categorized as flat bones (e.g., skull) and long bones (e.g., femur).
    • Flat bones develop through intramembranous ossification (direct bone formation in mesenchymal tissue).
    • Long bones develop through endochondral ossification (from a cartilage template).
    • Cortical bone forms Haversian systems (concentric lamellae) and is dense.
    • Trabecular bone (cancellous bone) fills the bone's interior.

    Bone Cells

    • Osteoclasts: responsible for bone resorption.
    • Osteoblasts: responsible for bone formation.
    • Osteocytes: sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, coordinating bone formation and resorption.

    Bone Matrix and Mineral

    • Type I collagen is a key structural protein in bone matrix.
    • Bone mineral (hydroxyapatite) is essential for bone strength.
    • Bone remodeling is a cyclical process with quiescence, resorption, reversal and formation phases.

    Joint Structure and Function

    • Synovial joints are complex structures containing synovial fluid (SF), which lubricates the joint.
    • Articular cartilage covers the bone ends in synovial joints.
    • Synovial membrane lines the joint capsule.
    • Ligaments connect bones and provide stability.

    Muscle Structure and Function

    • Skeletal muscles are responsible for body movements.
    • Myocytes (muscle cells) contain myofibrils for contraction.

    Musculoskeletal Disease Investigation

    • Clinical history and examination are often sufficient for diagnosis.
    • Joint aspiration is important in suspected septic arthritis.
    • X-rays are valuable for diagnosing bone and joint diseases.
    • Bone scintigraphy helps diagnose metastatic bone disease and Paget's disease.
    • MRI provides detailed information on bone and soft tissues.
    • Blood tests (e.g., ESR, CRP) can help assess inflammation.
    • Ultrasound can detect early synovitis and joint effusions.

    Gout

    • Sudden onset of severe joint pain, usually in the big toe.
    • Caused by the deposition of urate crystals in joints.
    • Often treated with colchicine.

    Septic Arthritis

    • A serious infection in a joint.
    • Usually caused by bacteria.
    • Presents as severe joint pain, swelling, and warmth.
    • Requires prompt antibiotic treatment.

    Rheumatoid Arthritis

    • A chronic autoimmune disease.
    • Involves inflammation of joints.
    • Characterized by morning stiffness, fatigue, and joint swelling.
    • Often treated with NSAIDs and DMARDs like methotrexate.

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    Musculoskeletal System Clinical Examination PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their associated antibodies. Additionally, assess your understanding of fracture types, imaging techniques, and management strategies for acute fractures. This quiz covers essential concepts in autoimmune disorders and bone health.

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