Overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
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Questions and Answers

What is a common leading cause of death in patients with SLE?

  • Septicemia (correct)
  • Myocardial infarction
  • Acute renal failure
  • Stroke

Which of the following is least likely to be a joint manifestation in patients with SLE?

  • Multiple arthralgias
  • Synovitis
  • Deformities in joint structure (correct)
  • Symmetric polyarthritis

Which skin manifestation is characteristic of SLE?

  • Psoriasis
  • Eczema
  • Butterfly rash (correct)
  • Fungal infection

What percentage of individuals with SLE experience renal manifestations?

<p>50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical early manifestation of SLE?

<p>Weight gain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lesions can be commonly found in patients with SLE?

<p>Discoid lesions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hematologic abnormality is commonly associated with SLE?

<p>Leukopenia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical skin reaction for patients with SLE when exposed to sunlight?

<p>Photosensitivity rash (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is most often reported as extreme in patients with SLE?

<p>Fatigue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients with SLE experience renal failure as a result of the disease?

<p>Up to 10% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is primarily indicated for managing inflammation in pericarditis?

<p>Corticosteroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key symptom of pericarditis that differentiates it from other causes of chest pain?

<p>Chest pain radiating to the back (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is pericardiocentesis indicated?

<p>Fluid restriction due to inflammatory process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which manifestation is NOT commonly associated with renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus?

<p>Friction rub (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment for renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus?

<p>Correct underlying cause and relieve kidney stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common ECG finding in pericarditis?

<p>ST elevation and PR depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is least likely to be used for infectious pericarditis?

<p>IV IgG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these findings is indicative of nephrotic syndrome?

<p>Proteinuria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential complication of renal failure in systemic lupus erythematosus?

<p>Need for dialysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is not typically used for treating pericarditis?

<p>IV platelet transfusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is least likely to be an early sign of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

<p>Liver enlargement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common neurological manifestation associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?

<p>Decline in intellect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In treating anemia related to SLE, which of the following methods is least likely to be used initially?

<p>Blood transfusions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is specifically aimed at managing arthralgias and arthritis in SLE patients?

<p>Corticosteroids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common pulmonary manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus?

<p>Bronchitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the survival rates of systemic lupus erythematosus is TRUE?

<p>The 15-year survival rate is approximately 80%. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of leukopenia in patients with SLE?

<p>Inadequate immune response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following GI manifestations can occur in up to 45% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?

<p>Abdominal pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options accurately describes a common skin manifestation of SLE?

<p>Maculopapular rash due to sun exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment for transient CNS involvement in SLE?

<p>Supportive therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

SLE Exacerbation

Periods of worsening SLE symptoms.

SLE remission

Periods of reduced SLE symptoms.

Butterfly rash

Red rash on the cheeks and nose, characteristic of SLE.

Photosensitivity

Skin reaction to sunlight in SLE patients.

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SLE kidney involvement

Common SLE manifestation with symptoms like proteinuria.

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SLE joint symptoms

Common symptom of SLE (over 90% of cases).

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SLE infections

Increased risk of infections in active SLE.

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SLE common manifestations

Symptoms like joint pain, fever, rash, and fatigue.

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SLE Renal Failure

A serious complication of SLE, affecting kidney function.

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SLE Hematologic issues

Blood abnormalities (anemia, low white blood count, etc.).

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SLE Fever

Unexplained fever in SLE patients can indicate active disease, distinguishing it from other causes like infections.

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SLE Malaise

The most common complaint of SLE patients, often associated with depression and sleep disturbances, making it disabling.

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SLE Loss of Appetite

Loss of appetite in SLE can be caused by active disease and general malaise leading to weight loss.

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SLE Arthritis

Early manifestation of SLE, primarily affecting knees, wrists, and fingers, causing moderate pain but rarely deformation.

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SLE Skin Involvement

Characteristic feature of SLE, presenting as photosensitivity, rashes, discoid lesions, hives, and alopecia.

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SLE Organic Brain Syndrome

A general term for disorders causing impaired mental function in SLE, including confusion, memory loss, and cognitive decline.

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SLE Anemia

A wide range of symptoms in SLE, from mild tiredness to severe heart failure, depending on the severity of the condition.

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SLE Leukopenia

Frequent infections in SLE due to low WBC count, leading to weakened immune response.

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SLE Thrombocytopenia

Low platelet count in SLE, increasing risk of bleeding and bruising, often worsened by medications used for SLE.

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SLE Treatment Goals

SLE treatment aims to control symptoms, prevent damage, and improve quality of life, focusing on managing inflammation and autoimmune activity.

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SLE Treatment

Treating SLE depends on the cause and severity of the disease. Options include corticosteroids, IV IgG, splenectomy, and platelet transfusions.

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Pericarditis in SLE

Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart, often causing chest pain, dry cough, fever, fatigue, and anxiety. It can be detected by a friction rub and ECG changes.

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Pericarditis Treatment

Treatment for pericarditis in SLE includes fluid removal (pericardiocentesis), antibiotics if infection is present, corticosteroids for inflammation, and colchicine.

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Kidney Involvement Treatment

Treatment for SLE-related kidney problems focuses on addressing the underlying cause and relieving kidney stress. Dialysis might be needed for kidney failure.

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What is IV IgG?

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IV IgG) is a treatment for SLE by providing healthy antibodies to help regulate the immune system.

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What is Splenectomy?

Splenectomy is the surgical removal of the spleen, sometimes used for SLE when it involves the production of abnormal antibodies.

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What is Colchicine?

Colchicine is a medication used to treat pericarditis, especially in SLE, by reducing inflammation in the heart sac.

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What is Pericardiocentesis?

Pericardiocentesis is a procedure to remove excess fluid from the sac around the heart (pericardium), often done for pericarditis.

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What are Cellular Casts?

Cellular casts are abnormal clumps of cells found in urine, often indicating kidney damage. They're common in SLE-related kidney problems.

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Study Notes

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Overview

  • SLE course is typically mild with remission and exacerbation, often decreasing in severity over time.
  • Some cases are severe with significant organ involvement.
  • Infections (pneumonia, septicemia) are leading causes of death in SLE patients, followed by kidney or CNS issues.
  • Early SLE mimics Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) with fever, loss of appetite, malaise, weight loss, and multiple arthralgias/symmetric polyarthritis.
  • Joint symptoms affect over 90% of SLE patients, but arthritis is rarely deforming.
  • Skin manifestations are common, including butterfly rash (across cheeks and nose), photosensitivity, and various rashes (discoid, hives).
  • Alopecia (hair loss) is also common but often reversible.
  • Common manifestations include joint pain/swelling, muscle pain, unexplained fever, red rash, hair loss, pale/cyanotic extremities, sun sensitivity, edema, mouth ulcers, and fatigue.

SLE Renal Involvement

  • Approximately 50% of SLE patients have kidney problems (proteinuria, cellular casts, nephrotic syndrome).
  • Up to 10% develop renal failure.
  • Kidney failure is treated with dialysis or transplant.

SLE Hematologic and Cardiovascular Involvement

  • Common hematologic issues include anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
  • Cardiovascular complications include pericarditis, vasculitis, and Raynaud's phenomenon.
  • Less common are myocarditis, endocarditis, and vascular thrombosis.

SLE Pulmonary, Neurological, and Gastrointestinal Involvement

  • Pulmonary involvement includes pleurisy, pleural effusions, and lupus pneumonitis.
  • Neurological involvement, often appearing within the first year, includes organic brain syndrome (cognitive decline), psychosis, seizures, depression, stroke, conjunctivitis, photophobia, and transient blindness.
  • Gastrointestinal manifestations (anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea) may affect up to 45% of patients, potentially with liver enlargement and function abnormalities.

SLE Prognosis and Treatment

  • SLE survival rate has improved significantly since the 1950s, with 10-year survival exceeding 90%.
  • Prognosis depends on organ involvement severity.
  • Treatment focuses on managing specific symptoms and underlying organ issues.

SLE Early Manifestations and Management

  • Unexplained fever, malaise, loss of appetite, weight loss, and joint symptoms (arthralgias/arthritis) are early signs.
  • Fever management: NSAIDs or acetaminophen.
  • Malaise management: adequate rest, sleep.
  • Appetite loss: identifying underlying causes (dysphagia, esophagitis).
  • Weight loss: treating underlying causes, high-calorie meals.
  • Arthritis: antimalarials, analgesics, short-term glucocorticoids.

SLE Skin Involvement and Management

  • Photosensitivity, widespread rashes, alopecia, and other skin manifestations are common.
  • Treatment options: corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, a suitable diet.

SLE Neurological Involvement and Management

  • Neurologic involvement includes organic brain syndrome, a general term for impaired mental function related to SLE.
  • Management focuses on treating the underlying condition (SLE).

SLE Anemia, Leukopenia, and Thrombocytopenia Management

  • Anemia: increased iron intake, iron supplements, medications to stimulate red blood cell production (erythropoietin), and blood transfusions (severe cases).
  • Leukopenia: managing the underlying cause predominantly. Supportive care includes antibiotics, protective isolation, and aseptic techniques to prevent infections.
  • Thrombocytopenia: treatment guided by underlying cause and severity; corticosteroids, IV IgG, splenectomy, platelet transfusions may be necessary.

SLE Pericarditis Management

  • Chest pain, dry cough, fever, fatigue, anxiety, friction rub, ECG abnormalities are common symptoms.
  • Treatment options include pericardiocentesis, antibiotics (if infectious), corticosteroids, and colchicine.

SLE Renal Involvement and Management

  • Proteinuria, cellular casts, nephrotic syndrome, and renal failure are renal involvement symptoms.
  • Management focuses on correcting underlying issues and relieving stress on the kidney; dialysis may be needed in cases of renal failure.

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Description

This quiz provides an overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), focusing on its symptoms, severity, and renal involvement. Understand the connections between SLE, arthralgia, skin symptoms, and the typical course of the disease. Test your knowledge about the manifestations and complications associated with this autoimmune disorder.

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