30 Questions
What did Pennebaker's research show about writing about traumatic experiences?
Short-term increase in blood pressure but long-term benefits
What is the link between forgiveness and physical/psychological health?
Linked to better physical and psychological health
What did neuroimaging research suggest about journaling?
Bringing distressing emotions under control of the prefrontal cortex
What did Rick Hanson suggest is key to forgiveness?
Understanding the causes and conditions of behavior
What is the association between forgiveness and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)?
Higher tendency to forgive is associated with increased volume and activation of the dlPFC
What is the impact of face-to-face communication on quality of life?
Positively correlated with quality of life
What nonverbal cues are essential for interacting effectively with others?
Facial expressions, gestures, voice tones
What did early studies indicate about children with autism?
Difficulty recognizing others’ emotions and understanding their behavior
Where is the fusiform gyrus located?
Near the visual cortex
Why did children with autism in the original studies avoid looking at people’s eyes?
Discomfort and anxiety
What was the impact of the MRI tube on children with autism in the original studies?
Discomfort and anxiety
When was autism spectrum disorder (ASD) established as a diagnosis?
2013
What has research shown about writing about gratitude once a week?
It yields more benefits than doing so three times a week
What did undergraduate participants who wrote about gratitude or their 'best possible future self' show?
Increased positive affect compared to a control group
What did patients with neuromuscular disease who completed daily gratitude lists report?
Increased well-being
What have neuroimaging studies shown about self-reported gratitude?
It is associated with increased satisfaction ratings for charitable giving
What was linked to greater activation of brain regions associated with positive affect and neural altruism?
Gratitude journaling
What did the study by Karns, Moore, & Mayr (2017) find about self-reported gratitude and satisfaction ratings for mandatory costly transfers?
It was associated with increased satisfaction ratings for mandatory costly transfers
What did the follow-up study using eye-tracking goggles and fMRI find about children with autism?
They classified faces less accurately, spent less time looking into the eyes of the faces, and showed diminished activation in the fusiform gyrus
What does a new theory suggest about the fundamental problem in autism spectrum disorder?
It may be a hypersensitivity to experience, inducing an overwhelming fear response
What lifetime rate of depression do people with autism spectrum disorder have compared to the general population?
Nearly 4 times greater
What are some individuals with autism spectrum disorder known for in terms of special talent?
Showing special talent in technical fields and preferring to interact more with machines than with other individuals
What are researchers experimenting with to reduce activation of the amygdala in those with autism spectrum disorder?
Oxytocin
What can computerized glasses provide for children with autism spectrum disorder?
Specialized feedback to coach them in emotional identification and social skills, such as making eye contact
What strategy do tech companies use to create 'compulsion loops'?
Understanding dopamine surges in the brain
What distinguishes good and poor relationships according to research mentioned?
How partners respond to good news
What behavior is associated with female physicians that may contribute to better patient survival?
Spending more time listening to their patients
What type of question was associated with a small monetary payoff in the fMRI study mentioned?
Speculating about the attitudes of another person
What is the suggested approach for listening mentioned in the text?
Focus intensely on what the other person is saying and prompt with brief follow-up questions
What is the potential drawback associated with female doctors mentioned in the text?
Being more likely to be behind schedule
Study Notes
Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder and Strategies for Improving Social Relationships
- A follow-up study using eye-tracking goggles and fMRI found that children with autism classified faces less accurately than non-autistic controls, spent less time looking into the eyes of the faces, and showed diminished activation in the fusiform gyrus.
- Looking at faces made children with autism profoundly uncomfortable and fearful, with some expressing feeling "abject terror" when looking at faces and especially at eyes.
- A new theory suggests that a fundamental problem in autism spectrum disorder may be a hypersensitivity to experience, inducing an overwhelming fear response.
- People with autism spectrum disorder have a lifetime rate of depression nearly 4 times greater than the general population.
- Some individuals with autism spectrum disorder may show special talent in technical fields and prefer to interact more with machines than with other individuals.
- Difficulties with social interactions may contribute to the high rates of depression associated with autism spectrum disorder.
- Researchers are experimenting with the use of oxytocin to reduce activation of the amygdala in those with autism spectrum disorder.
- Computerized glasses can provide specialized feedback to coach children with autism spectrum disorder in emotional identification and social skills, such as making eye contact.
- Love is associated with an increase in eye fixations on the face, while lust is associated with an increase in eye fixations on the body.
- Gratitude interventions, such as gratitude journaling, can effectively change another person's behavior by accentuating the positive and ignoring the negative.
- Research suggests that over-idealizing romantic partners as having many virtues and few faults can lead to happier and longer-lasting relationships.
- Applying principles of behavior therapy, such as accentuating the positive and ignoring the negative, can enhance the quality of relationships with others, but some behaviors and beliefs cannot be trained away.
Test your knowledge on autism spectrum disorder and strategies for improving social relationships with this quiz. Explore topics such as social difficulties, special talents, depression rates, and potential interventions for individuals with autism.
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