30 Questions
What is one of the difficulties individuals on the Puzzled end of Social Intuition may have?
Difficulty reading nonverbal cues
What was the early indication regarding children with autism and their ability to recognize others' emotions?
Difficulty recognizing others' emotions and understanding their behavior
What was the initial belief about the fusiform gyrus in children with autism?
A fundamental abnormality in the fusiform gyrus
What did follow-up research reveal about the characteristics related to recognizing emotions in children with autism?
Primarily a consequence of avoiding looking at people's eyes
What was the likely behavior of children with autism in the original studies involving perception of faces?
Stared unfocused into space or shut their eyes
What is the term now used to describe the more severe end of autism?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
What distinguishes good and poor relationships according to the text?
How partners celebrate each other's successes
What is the reason female physicians are more likely to have patients survive, according to the text?
They spend more time listening to their patients
In an fMRI study mentioned in the text, what were participants asked to do?
Report their own opinions or attitudes
What is the main concern associated with female doctors spending more time listening to their patients?
Female doctors may be behind schedule
What was the average time female primary care physicians waited before interrupting a patient according to the text?
3 minutes
What is the suggested approach for focusing attention during a conversation as per the text?
Prompt the speaker with brief follow-up questions
What has research shown about the frequency of writing about gratitude?
Writing about gratitude once a week yields more benefits than doing so three times a week
What was the effect of gratitude interventions compared to alternative activities?
Gratitude interventions outperformed alternative-activity conditions on measures of psychological well-being
What did neuroimaging studies show about self-reported gratitude?
Self-reported gratitude is associated with increased satisfaction ratings for charitable giving
What was the impact of gratitude journaling on brain activation?
Gratitude journaling was linked to greater activation of brain regions associated with positive affect and neural altruism
What was the finding of the study by Karns, Moore, & Mayr (2017) regarding self-reported gratitude and mandatory costly transfers?
The study found that self-reported gratitude was associated with increased satisfaction ratings for mandatory costly transfers
What was the long-term effect of gratitude interventions?
The effects of gratitude interventions were found to persist over the long term
What is the primary benefit of writing about traumatic experiences, according to Pennebaker's research?
Long-term improvement in immune function
What is the effect of forgiveness on physical and psychological health, according to the text?
Linked to better physical and psychological health
What is the association between forgiveness and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)?
Higher tendency to forgive is associated with increased volume and activation of the dlPFC
What did the neuroimaging research on journaling suggest about its working mechanism?
Bringing distressing emotions under control of the prefrontal cortex
What is the impact of face-to-face communication on quality of life, according to the text?
Positively correlated with quality of life
What is the suggested approach to nurturing relationships for couples, according to the text?
Creating media-free time
What does the follow-up study using eye-tracking goggles and fMRI reveal about children with autism?
They classified faces less accurately, spent less time looking into the eyes of the faces, and showed diminished activation in the fusiform gyrus.
What is a new theory regarding the fundamental problem in autism spectrum disorder?
A hypersensitivity to experience, inducing an overwhelming fear response.
What is the lifetime rate of depression among people with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population?
Nearly 4 times greater
What are researchers experimenting with to reduce activation of the amygdala in those with autism spectrum disorder?
Oxytocin
What can computerized glasses provide for children with autism spectrum disorder?
Specialized feedback to coach emotional identification and social skills
What does research suggest about over-idealizing romantic partners?
It can lead to happier and longer-lasting relationships
Study Notes
Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder and Strategies for Improving Social Relationships
- A follow-up study using eye-tracking goggles and fMRI found that children with autism classified faces less accurately than non-autistic controls, spent less time looking into the eyes of the faces, and showed diminished activation in the fusiform gyrus.
- Looking at faces made children with autism profoundly uncomfortable and fearful, with some expressing feeling "abject terror" when looking at faces and especially at eyes.
- A new theory suggests that a fundamental problem in autism spectrum disorder may be a hypersensitivity to experience, inducing an overwhelming fear response.
- People with autism spectrum disorder have a lifetime rate of depression nearly 4 times greater than the general population.
- Some individuals with autism spectrum disorder may show special talent in technical fields and prefer to interact more with machines than with other individuals.
- Difficulties with social interactions may contribute to the high rates of depression associated with autism spectrum disorder.
- Researchers are experimenting with the use of oxytocin to reduce activation of the amygdala in those with autism spectrum disorder.
- Computerized glasses can provide specialized feedback to coach children with autism spectrum disorder in emotional identification and social skills, such as making eye contact.
- Love is associated with an increase in eye fixations on the face, while lust is associated with an increase in eye fixations on the body.
- Gratitude interventions, such as gratitude journaling, can effectively change another person's behavior by accentuating the positive and ignoring the negative.
- Research suggests that over-idealizing romantic partners as having many virtues and few faults can lead to happier and longer-lasting relationships.
- Applying principles of behavior therapy, such as accentuating the positive and ignoring the negative, can enhance the quality of relationships with others, but some behaviors and beliefs cannot be trained away.
Test your knowledge on autism spectrum disorder and strategies for improving social relationships with this quiz. Explore topics such as social difficulties, special talents, depression rates, and potential interventions for individuals with autism.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
