45 Questions
Which part of the brain receives nerve impulses from the auditory pathway?
Cerebral cortex
What is the term for the nerve pathway responsible for maintenance of balance or equilibrium?
Vestibular pathway
Which of the following structures is NOT involved in the auditory pathway?
Vestibular nuclei
What is the result of a lesion on one side of the auditory pathway?
Decrease of hearing acuity in one or both ears
What is the term for the reflex that helps to regulate the movement of the eye in response to head movement?
Vestibulo-ocular reflex
What is the function of the vestibular system?
To maintain balance or equilibrium
Which of the following is NOT a function of the vestibular system?
Detection of sound waves
What is the term for the pathway that connects the vestibular system to the cerebellum?
Vestibulocerebellar pathway
What is the term for the nerve pathway that connects the auditory system to the brain?
Central auditory pathway
What is the primary function of the audiomotor reflexes?
To protect the ear from loud sounds
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the tensor tympani muscle?
CN V
What is the site of the neural center for the auditory reflex?
Superior olivary nuclei
Which pathway is responsible for transmitting the impulse from the cochlear nuclei to the motor nuclei of CN V and CN VII?
Direct pathway
What is the name of the reflex involved in head turning?
Head turning reflex
Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in the audiomotor reflex?
Ciliary muscle
What is the primary difference between the direct and indirect pathways of the auditory reflex?
The presence of the reticular formation
Which cranial nerve is involved in the innervation of the stapedius muscle?
CN VII
What is the ultimate function of the auditory reflex?
To protect the ear from loud sounds
What is the range of sound frequencies that the human ear can detect?
20-20,000 Hz
What is the unit of measurement for the amplitude of sound?
Decibels (dB)
What is the minimum duration of exposure to a sound level above 85 dB that requires the use of hearing protectors?
Any duration above 85 dB
What is the maximum permissible exposure time to a jackhammer?
2 hours
What is the purpose of wearing earplugs for individuals constantly exposed to sound levels above 85 dB?
To reduce the noise exposure level and prevent hearing loss
What is the highest sound frequency that the human ear can detect?
20,000 Hz
What determines the extent of ear damage caused by sound exposure?
Both the length of exposure and the degree of decibel level
What are the two types of receptors found in the auditory pathway?
Inner and outer hair cells
What is the maximum permissible exposure time to a live rock band?
26 minutes
Which receptors detect both linear and angular motion of the head?
Maculae
What is the function of the maculae in the vestibular system?
To detect linear and angular motion of the head
What is the function of the cristae ampullaris in the vestibular system?
To detect angular motion of the head
What is the main component of the otolithic membrane?
Proteoglycans
What is the function of the otoliths in the vestibular system?
To respond to gravitational pull
What is the structure that extends upward into the otolithic membrane?
Vestibular hair cells
What is the term for the calcium carbonate crystals embedded in the otolithic membrane?
Otoconia
What is the number of stereocilia found on the apical portion of the vestibular hair cells?
30-50
What is the direction of the force of gravity on the otoliths?
Towards the kinocilium
What is the characteristic of spontaneous nystagmus in patients with vestibular lesions?
It is a characteristic that distinguishes vertigo from dizziness or lightheadedness
What is the direction of the fast component of horizontal nystagmus in patients with unilateral vestibular lesions?
Opposite the diseased ear
What is the characteristic of vertical nystagmus in patients with vestibular lesions?
It is always associated with central lesions involving the vestibular pathway
What is the result of a unilateral lesion of the vestibular system?
The eyes, head, and body will turn to the affected side
What is the main difference between vertigo and dizziness?
Vertigo is an illusion or sensation of whirling, while dizziness is a sensation of lightheadedness
What is the direction of postural deviation in patients with unilateral vestibular lesions?
Towards the affected side
What is the characteristic of nystagmus in patients with unilateral vestibular lesions?
It is always unidirectional
What is the significance of vestibulo-archicerebellar loop in patients with vestibular lesions?
It is responsible for the manifestations of vestibular lesions to be always ipsilateral to the lesion
What is the characteristic of patients with vertigo who do not have vestibular disorders?
They may have other underlying disorders that are causing their vertigo
Test your knowledge of the auditory and vestibular systems, including the pathway of sound, central connections, and various types of hearing loss. This quiz covers the anatomy of the auditory and vestibular nerves, as well as related reflexes and lesions.
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