Apoptosis - MBBS Block 1 Learning Outcomes

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What is apoptosis?

A process of cell death triggered by internal mechanisms (correct)

A way for cells to multiply rapidly

A method of cell death involving rapid cell division

A pathway of cell growth induced by external factors

What happens to apoptotic cells?

They release toxins into the surrounding environment

They undergo rapid cell division

They fuse together to form new cells

They break up into fragments known as apoptotic bodies (correct)

In what way does apoptosis differ from necrosis?

Necrosis results in the intact structure of the plasma membrane

Necrotic cells break up into apoptotic bodies

Apoptosis leads to cells multiplying uncontrollably

Apoptosis causes an inflammatory reaction, while necrosis does not (correct)

Under what conditions does apoptosis occur?

Both in physiologic and pathologic conditions Signup and view all the answers

What are some physiologic causes of apoptosis?

Programmed destruction during embryogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes apoptosis?

A carefully controlled process of cell suicide Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of eliminating potentially harmful self-reactive lymphocytes?

To prevent reactions against one's own tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of apoptosis?

Cell growth factors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are typically responsible for phagocytosing apoptotic cells or cell bodies?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following degenerative diseases is associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins?

Multiple sclerosis Signup and view all the answers

During which process do neutrophils and lymphocytes undergo apoptosis due to a lack of necessary survival signals?

Acute inflammatory response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common morphological feature of apoptosis?

Cell swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of the cell undergoing apoptosis?

Brightly eosinophilic cytoplasm and condensed nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of caspases in apoptosis?

Breaking up the nuclear scaffold and cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a step in the mechanism of apoptosis?

Proliferation phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the two main pathways of apoptosis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the BCL2 family of proteins in apoptosis?

They regulate mitochondrial permeability Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an imbalance in the BCL2 family of proteins?

Leakage of substances from the mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the adaptor proteins in the death receptor pathway?

To activate executioner caspases and initiate proteolytic cascades Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a specific example of apoptosis?

Apoptosis due to cellular overgrowth Signup and view all the answers

How does the plasma membrane differ between necrosis and apoptosis?

Disrupted in necrosis, and intact but altered in apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

How do the cellular contents differ between necrosis and apoptosis?

Intact in necrosis, and released in apoptotic bodies in apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic of apoptosis?

No adjacent inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of necrosis?

Cell size reduction Signup and view all the answers