Apoptosis - MBBS Block 1 Learning Outcomes
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Questions and Answers

What is apoptosis?

  • A process of cell death triggered by internal mechanisms (correct)
  • A way for cells to multiply rapidly
  • A method of cell death involving rapid cell division
  • A pathway of cell growth induced by external factors

What happens to apoptotic cells?

  • They release toxins into the surrounding environment
  • They undergo rapid cell division
  • They fuse together to form new cells
  • They break up into fragments known as apoptotic bodies (correct)

In what way does apoptosis differ from necrosis?

  • Necrosis results in the intact structure of the plasma membrane
  • Necrotic cells break up into apoptotic bodies
  • Apoptosis leads to cells multiplying uncontrollably
  • Apoptosis causes an inflammatory reaction, while necrosis does not (correct)

Under what conditions does apoptosis occur?

<p>Both in physiologic and pathologic conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some physiologic causes of apoptosis?

<p>Programmed destruction during embryogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes apoptosis?

<p>A carefully controlled process of cell suicide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of eliminating potentially harmful self-reactive lymphocytes?

<p>To prevent reactions against one's own tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of apoptosis?

<p>Cell growth factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are typically responsible for phagocytosing apoptotic cells or cell bodies?

<p>Macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following degenerative diseases is associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins?

<p>Multiple sclerosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which process do neutrophils and lymphocytes undergo apoptosis due to a lack of necessary survival signals?

<p>Acute inflammatory response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common morphological feature of apoptosis?

<p>Cell swelling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of the cell undergoing apoptosis?

<p>Brightly eosinophilic cytoplasm and condensed nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of caspases in apoptosis?

<p>Breaking up the nuclear scaffold and cytoskeleton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a step in the mechanism of apoptosis?

<p>Proliferation phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the two main pathways of apoptosis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the BCL2 family of proteins in apoptosis?

<p>They regulate mitochondrial permeability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an imbalance in the BCL2 family of proteins?

<p>Leakage of substances from the mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the adaptor proteins in the death receptor pathway?

<p>To activate executioner caspases and initiate proteolytic cascades (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a specific example of apoptosis?

<p>Apoptosis due to cellular overgrowth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the plasma membrane differ between necrosis and apoptosis?

<p>Disrupted in necrosis, and intact but altered in apoptosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the cellular contents differ between necrosis and apoptosis?

<p>Intact in necrosis, and released in apoptotic bodies in apoptosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic of apoptosis?

<p>No adjacent inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of necrosis?

<p>Cell size reduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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