AP Psych Unit 14: Modules 74-77 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are social psychologists primarily focused on?

Exploring social influences on behavior (correct)

Analyzing physiological responses

Studying individual behaviors in isolation

Investigating historical social movements

What does attribution theory explain?

It explains someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.

What is the fundamental attribution error?

It is the tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition when analyzing others' behavior.

Provide an example of attribution error.

Jack may be quiet in class, but he acts as a leader in the high school musical. Signup and view all the answers

What cultures are less likely to make the fundamental attribution error?

East Asian cultures. Signup and view all the answers

What is self-serving bias?

It is the tendency to attribute positive events to one's own character and negative events to external factors. Signup and view all the answers

What are attitudes?

Feelings influenced by beliefs that predispose responses to objects, people, and events. Signup and view all the answers

What is peripheral route persuasion?

It occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as the speaker's attractiveness. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of peripheral route persuasion.

A perfume ad that uses images of beautiful or famous people in love. Signup and view all the answers

What is central route persuasion?

It occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts. Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of central route persuasion.

Environmental advocates showing evidence of rising temperatures and melting glaciers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?

The tendency for people who first agree to a small request to comply later with a larger request. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Starting with harmless requests like copying a trivial statement and then escalating demands. Signup and view all the answers

What is a role in social psychology?

A set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment.

Young men were assigned roles as officers or prisoners, leading to extreme behaviors within just two days. Signup and view all the answers

What is Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory?

The theory that we act to reduce discomfort when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory.

Changing attitudes when aware that one's actions and beliefs clash. Signup and view all the answers

What is the chameleon effect?

Nonconscious mimicry of postures, mannerisms, and behaviors of interaction partners. Signup and view all the answers

What is conformity?

Adjusting behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize Asch's Conformity Experiments.

Asch conducted experiments to study how social pressure from a majority affects conformity in individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Four reasons that make people more likely to conform are: made to feel or insecure, are in a group with at least people, are in a group where everyone else , and admire the group's and attractiveness.

Signup and view all the answers

What do social psychologists focus on?

Understanding influence of situations on behavior Signup and view all the answers

What does attribution theory explain?

It explains someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental attribution error?

The tendency to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition when analyzing others' behavior. Signup and view all the answers

In class, Jack may be quiet as Juliette catches Juliette as the leader in the high school musical, and you may hardly recognize your quiet classmate.

Example of Attribution Error Signup and view all the answers

What cultures are less prone to making the fundamental attribution error?

East Asian cultures Signup and view all the answers

What is self-serving bias?

The tendency to attribute positive events to one's own character and negative events to external factors. Signup and view all the answers

What are attitudes?

Feelings often influenced by our beliefs that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. Signup and view all the answers

What is peripheral route persuasion?

When people are influenced by incidental cues such as the attractiveness of a speaker. Signup and view all the answers

A perfume ad may lure us with images of beautiful or famous people in love. This is an example of:

peripheral route persuasion Signup and view all the answers

What is central route persuasion?

When interested people focus on the argument and respond with favorable thoughts. Signup and view all the answers

Environmental advocates may show us evidence of rising temperatures, melting glaciers, rising seas, and northward shifts in vegetation and animal life. This is an example of:

central route persuasion Signup and view all the answers

What is the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. Signup and view all the answers

The chances began with harmless requests such as copying a trivial statement but gradually escalated their demands. This illustrates:

foot-in-the-door phenomenon Signup and view all the answers

What is a role in social psychology?

A set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment.

Young men were put in jail, some designated as officers, some as prisoners. After 2 days, volunteers subconsciously 'played' their roles, causing 'officers' to be awful. Signup and view all the answers

What is Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory?

The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. Signup and view all the answers

When we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes. This is an example of:

Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is the chameleon effect?

Nonconscious mimicry of the behaviors of one's interaction partners, resulting in passive and unintentional changes to match others. Signup and view all the answers

What is conformity?

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize Asch's Conformity Experiments.

Solomon Asch conducted an experiment to investigate how social pressure from a majority group could affect an individual’s conformity using a vision test. Signup and view all the answers

People are more likely to conform when they are made to feel incompetent or insecure, are in a group with at least three people, and are in a group in which everyone else agrees. These are examples of:

4 reasons that make people more likely to conform Signup and view all the answers

What is normative social influence?

Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. Signup and view all the answers

What is informative social influence?

Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize Milgram's Obedience Experiments.

Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Social psychologists examine how various situations influence an individual's behavior, explaining why one's actions may vary in different contexts.
Attribution theory suggests that people attribute behavior to either situational factors or personal characteristics.
Fundamental Attribution Error refers to the tendency of observers to downplay situational influences and overemphasize personal traits when assessing others' behaviors.

Cultural Influences on Behavior

East Asian cultures demonstrate less inclination towards the Fundamental Attribution Error, showing greater awareness of situational factors in behavior.

Self-Perception Biases

Self-serving bias is a cognitive bias where individuals attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external circumstances.

Attitudes and Persuasion

Attitudes are feelings shaped by beliefs that influence responses to people, objects, and events.
Peripheral route persuasion relies on superficial cues, like an attractive speaker, to influence opinions.
Central route persuasion focuses on logical arguments and provides substantial evidence to alter viewpoints.

Psychological Phenomena in Behavior

The foot-in-the-door phenomenon is a compliance tactic where agreeing to a small request increases the likelihood of agreeing to a larger one later.
Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment illustrated the power of assigned roles and the ease with which individuals adopt their social positions, leading to extreme behaviors.

Cognitive Dissonance

Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory posits that individuals feel discomfort when their beliefs and actions conflict, prompting a change in attitudes to alleviate this dissonance.

The chameleon effect involves unconsciously mimicking the behaviors of others, aligning one's actions with those within the social environment.
Conformity is the adjustment of behavior or thinking to align with group standards, heavily influenced by factors like group size, agreement among group members, and perceived attractiveness of the group.

Influential Factors in Conformity

Factors promoting conformity include feelings of incompetence, group size (three or more), unanimous group opinions, and desire for social approval from a respected group.
Normative social influence arises from the desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval from others.
Informative social influence occurs when individuals accept others' views as reality, especially in uncertain situations.

Obedience to Authority

Milgram's obedience experiments explored the tension between compliance with authority and moral conscience, showcasing how far individuals might go in obeying directives.

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Test your knowledge of key terms from AP Psychology Unit 14 through these flashcards. This unit covers critical concepts in social psychology, including Attribution Theory and the Fundamental Attribution Error. Perfect for review before exams!

AP Psych Unit 14: Modules 74-77 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are social psychologists primarily focused on?

What does attribution theory explain?

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Provide an example of attribution error.

What cultures are less likely to make the fundamental attribution error?

What is self-serving bias?

What are attitudes?

What is peripheral route persuasion?

Give an example of peripheral route persuasion.

What is central route persuasion?

Provide an example of central route persuasion.

What is the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?

Give an example of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

What is a role in social psychology?

Summarize Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment.

What is Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory?

Provide an example of Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory.

What is the chameleon effect?

What is conformity?

Summarize Asch's Conformity Experiments.

Four reasons that make people more likely to conform are: made to feel ______ or insecure, are in a group with at least ______ people, are in a group where everyone else ______, and admire the group's ______ and attractiveness.

What do social psychologists focus on?

What does attribution theory explain?

What is the fundamental attribution error?

In class, Jack may be quiet as Juliette catches Juliette as the leader in the high school musical, and you may hardly recognize your quiet classmate.

What cultures are less prone to making the fundamental attribution error?

What is self-serving bias?

What are attitudes?

What is peripheral route persuasion?

A perfume ad may lure us with images of beautiful or famous people in love. This is an example of:

What is central route persuasion?

Environmental advocates may show us evidence of rising temperatures, melting glaciers, rising seas, and northward shifts in vegetation and animal life. This is an example of:

What is the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?

The chances began with harmless requests such as copying a trivial statement but gradually escalated their demands. This illustrates:

What is a role in social psychology?

Summarize Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment.

What is Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory?

When we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes. This is an example of:

What is the chameleon effect?

What is conformity?

Summarize Asch's Conformity Experiments.

People are more likely to conform when they are made to feel incompetent or insecure, are in a group with at least three people, and are in a group in which everyone else agrees. These are examples of:

What is normative social influence?

What is informative social influence?

Summarize Milgram's Obedience Experiments.

Study Notes

Social Psychology Concepts

Cultural Influences on Behavior

Self-Perception Biases

Attitudes and Persuasion

Psychological Phenomena in Behavior

Cognitive Dissonance

Social Influence Mechanisms

Influential Factors in Conformity

Obedience to Authority

Studying That Suits You

Description

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