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Questions and Answers
What is social psychology?
The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
What is attribution theory?
The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to attribute other people's behavior to dispositional (internal) causes rather than situational (external) causes.
What are attitudes?
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What is central route persuasion?
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What is peripheral route persuasion?
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What is the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?
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What is a role?
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What is cognitive dissonance theory?
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What is conformity?
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What is normative social influence?
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What is informational social influence?
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What is social facilitation?
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What is social loafing?
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What is deindividuation?
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What is group polarization?
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What is groupthink?
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What is culture?
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What is a norm?
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What is personal space?
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What is prejudice?
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What is a stereotype?
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What is discrimination?
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What is ingroup?
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What is outgroup?
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What is ingroup bias?
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What is scapegoat theory?
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What is the other-race effect?
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What is just-world phenomenon?
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What is aggression?
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What is the frustration-aggression principle?
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What is the mere exposure effect?
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What is passionate love?
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What is companion love?
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What is equity in relationships?
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What is self-disclosure?
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What is altruism?
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What is the bystander effect?
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What is social exchange theory?
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What is the reciprocity norm?
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What is the social-responsibility norm?
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What is conflict?
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What is a social trap?
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What are mirror-image perceptions?
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What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?
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What are superordinate goals?
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What does GRIT stand for?
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Study Notes
Social Psychology
- Field studying how individuals think, influence, and relate to one another.
Attribution Theory
- Explains behavior through situational or dispositional factors.
Fundamental Attribution Error
- Tendency to attribute others' behaviors to internal traits rather than external circumstances.
Attitudes
- Evaluative feelings and beliefs shaped by experiences, influencing future behavior.
Central Route Persuasion
- Persuasion method where individuals focus on content and arguments.
Peripheral Route Persuasion
- Persuasion based on incidental cues, like speaker attractiveness, rather than message content.
Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
- People agreeing to smaller requests are likely to comply with larger requests later.
Role
- Set expectations defining appropriate behavior for social positions.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
- Discomfort from conflicting thoughts leads individuals to adjust attitudes to alleviate tension.
Conformity
- Adjusting behavior or thinking to align with group standards.
Normative Social Influence
- Desire for approval or to avoid disapproval influences behavior.
Informational Social Influence
- Acceptance of others' opinions about reality based on willingness to be influenced.
Social Facilitation
- Enhanced performance on simple tasks when in the presence of others.
Social Loafing
- Individuals exert less effort in group tasks compared to working alone.
Deindividuation
- Loss of self-awareness in group settings, often leading to impulsive behaviors.
Group Polarization
- Tendency for group discussions to intensify prevailing opinions within the group.
Groupthink
- Desire for group harmony leads to poor decision-making by ignoring alternatives.
Culture
- Collective beliefs and customs shaping social behaviors; includes concepts like collectivism and individualism.
Norm
- Guidelines for acceptable behavior within a group.
Personal Space
- The physical distance individuals prefer to maintain around themselves.
Prejudice
- Rigid negative attitudes based on group membership.
Stereotype
- Oversimplified beliefs about a group, often leading to generalizations.
Discrimination
- Unfair treatment of individuals based on group membership.
Ingroup
- "Us" group sharing a common identity.
Outgroup
- "Them" group perceived as different from one's own group.
Ingroup Bias
- Favoritism towards one’s own group over others.
Scapegoat Theory
- Prejudice as an outlet for anger by blaming others.
Other-Race Effect
- Enhanced ability to recognize and remember faces of one’s own race.
Just-World Phenomenon
- Belief that people generally get what they deserve in life.
Aggression
- Behaviors intended to cause harm or destruction.
Frustration-Aggression Principle
- Frustration can lead to anger, which may subsequently result in aggression.
Mere Exposure Effect
- Repeated exposure to stimuli increases preference or liking.
Passionate Love
- Intense initial affection and absorption in another person.
Companionate Love
- Built on intimacy and commitment within long-term relationships.
Equity
- Balance between what individuals give and receive in relationships.
Self-Disclosure
- Sharing personal information and feelings with others.
Altruism
- Selfless concern for the well-being of others.
Bystander Effect
- Individuals are less likely to assist in emergencies when others are present.
Social Exchange Theory
- Social behavior as an exchange process aimed at maximizing benefits and minimizing costs.
Reciprocity Norm
- Expectation of mutual assistance among individuals.
Social-Responsibility Norm
- Expectation that individuals will help those who depend on them.
Conflict
- Struggle between opposing forces or interests.
Social Trap
- Situation where conflicting self-interests lead to detrimental outcomes for all.
Mirror-Image Perceptions
- Conflicting parties view themselves as ethical while perceiving the other as immoral.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
- Beliefs that produce their own consequences.
Superordinate Goals
- Shared objectives that transcend group differences, requiring cooperation.
GRIT
- Strategy focused on reducing international tensions through graduated initiatives.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in Social Psychology from AP Psychology Unit 9. This quiz covers important terms such as Attribution Theory and the Fundamental Attribution Error. Enhance your understanding of how we interact and think about each other in social contexts.