Serotonin Antagonists & Antifibrinolytic Agents
88 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main clinical use of Ondansetron (Zofran®)?

  • Treatment of postoperative hypotension
  • Treatment of severe hepatic impairment
  • Prevention of postoperative headache
  • Prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (correct)

    • Which enzyme is inhibited by aprotinin at high concentrations?

  • Plasmin
  • Thrombin
  • Protein C
  • Kallikrein (correct)

    • How is Ondansetron metabolized in the body?

  • Excretion only through the liver
  • Metabolized by several CYP 450 enzyme systems (correct)
  • Primarily excreted through the kidney
  • Mainly metabolized via plasma carbonyl reductase enzyme

    • What is the role of lysine analogs in hyperfibrinolysis?

    <p>Inhibit fibrinolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of aprotinin use in cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB)?

    <p>Reduced need for blood transfusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interaction is contraindicated with Ondansetron due to the risk of hypotension?

    <p>Apomorphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Dolasetron (Anzemet®) mainly used for?

    <p>Prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse reaction is specifically associated with aprotinin derived from bovine origin?

    <p>Anaphylactic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Dolasetron metabolized in the body?

    <p>Metabolized by plasma carbonyl reductase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism of action does tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron®) have?

    <p>Inhibition of plasmin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aminocaproic acid (Amicar®) prevent excessive bleeding?

    <p>By inhibiting lysine binding sites on plasminogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of elimination for Ondansetron?

    <p>~5% excreted in the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main site of action for selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists to exert their anti-emetic effects?

    <p>Centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the metabolism of selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Dolasetron is not metabolized by liver CYP450 enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason to avoid using selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in patients with congenital long QT syndrome?

    <p>They can cause dose-dependent QT prolongation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effects is NOT commonly associated with selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

    <p>QT prolongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of dolasetron among the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

    <p>It does not require hepatic metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution should be taken when administering selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists to patients with electrolyte abnormalities?

    <p>Monitor ECG for QT prolongation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of elimination for Aminocaproic Acid?

    <p>Renal excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is caution advised when using Aminocaproic Acid in renal failure patients?

    <p>It may accumulate in the body due to impaired elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Aminocaproic Acid have on fibrin degradation?

    <p>It inhibits fibrin degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition should Aminocaproic Acid not be used without concomitant heparin?

    <p>Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effects may result from the rapid intravenous administration of Aminocaproic Acid?

    <p>Hypotension, bradycardia, and/or arrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the impact of Aminocaproic Acid on clotting or thrombosis?

    <p>Presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect of Tranexamic Acid is believed to be caused by blocking GABA receptors in the frontal cortex?

    <p>Convulsions/Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential thrombotic complication is associated with Tranexamic Acid administration?

    <p>Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should Tranexamic Acid not be used in patients with acquired defective color vision?

    <p>Prevents measuring an important endpoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major concern when administering Tranexamic Acid rapidly intravenously?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition should be avoided when considering the use of Tranexamic Acid?

    <p>Subarachnoid hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential rare complication has been reported following prolonged administration of Tranexamic Acid?

    <p>Skeletal muscle weakness with necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme system is responsible for the metabolism of most selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Cytochrome P450</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can 5-HT3 antagonists have on the QT interval?

    <p>Prolongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which 5-HT3 antagonist has the shortest serum half-life among the listed options?

    <p>Dolasetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a serious potential complication associated with the prolonged use of 5-HT3 antagonists?

    <p>Serotonin syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key recommendation for using 5-HT3 antagonists in patients with congenital long QT syndrome?

    <p>Close ECG monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are 5-HT3 receptors predominantly located in the central nervous system?

    <p>Solitary tract nucleus (STN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors are ALL 5-HT receptors, except 5-HT3 receptors?

    <p>G protein-coupled receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which 5-HT receptor subtype is NOT linked to G proteins and instead functions as a ligand-gated ion channel?

    <p>5-HT3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for the anti-emetic property of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Blockade of 5-HT3 receptors in the central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is considered superior to others in the management of acute/delayed emesis?

    <p>Palonosetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of aprotinin?

    <p>Inhibits serine protease enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is aprotinin still available as an investigational drug despite its increased risk of death compared to other agents?

    <p>It enhances red blood cell transfusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes are inhibited by aprotinin among the following?

    <p>Trypsin and elastase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of aprotinin on fibrinolysis?

    <p>Inhibits fibrinolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aprotinin impact inflammatory responses?

    <p>Reduces inflammatory mediators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of aprotinin?

    <p>Bovine lung tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of benzyl alcohol in Aminocaproic Acid injection product?

    <p>Causes muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when administering Aminocaproic Acid to premature neonates?

    <p>Gasping Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse reaction is commonly associated with prolonged administration of Aminocaproic Acid?

    <p>Skeletal muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing factor between the oral and IV forms of Tranexamic Acid?

    <p>Use in menstrual bleeding treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner does Tranexamic Acid act as an inhibitor?

    <p>Inhibits lysine binding sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of elimination for Aminocaproic Acid?

    <p>Renal excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for using Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron®)?

    <p>Patients with acquired defective color vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should rapid intravenous administration of Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron®) be avoided?

    <p>To avoid hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare adverse effect that may be caused by Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron®) blocking GABA receptors in the frontal cortex?

    <p>Convulsions/seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suspected mechanism behind the risk of convulsions/seizures with Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron®) at higher doses?

    <p>Blocking GABA receptors in the frontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect of Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron®) should prompt immediate referral to an ophthalmologist?

    <p>Retinal venous and arterial occlusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron®) not be administered undiluted?

    <p>To reduce the risk of thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are 5-HT3 receptors predominantly located?

    <p>Central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for the anti-emetic property of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Antagonism of 5-HT3 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected by selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of elimination for selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists?

    <p>Renal excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area has the highest concentration of 5-HT3 receptor subtype in the central nervous system?

    <p>Solitary tract nucleus (STN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor is the 5-HT3 receptor subtype?

    <p>Ligand-gated ion channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of aprotinin?

    <p>Inhibiting fibrinolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is aprotinin still available as an investigational drug despite an increased risk of death compared to other agents?

    <p>Because of its ability to reduce the need for red blood cell transfusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is NOT inhibited by aprotinin?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of aprotinin?

    <p>Derived from bovine lung tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic effect of aprotinin on thrombin?

    <p>Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aprotinin affect inflammatory responses?

    <p>Suppresses inflammatory responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is aprotinin primarily known to inhibit at low concentrations?

    <p>Plasmin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of lysine analogs in the context of surgical procedures?

    <p>To inhibit clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which surgical procedure is the use of aprotinin particularly beneficial in reducing the need for allogeneic blood transfusions?

    <p>Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of aminocaproic acid (Amicar®) in the context of fibrinolysis?

    <p>Inhibition of plasminogen activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect specifically associated with aprotinin being derived from bovine origin?

    <p>Anaphylactic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which FDA-approved product is a lysine analog used as an antifibrinolytic agent?

    <p>Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron®)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is indicated only for women with severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome?

    <p>Dolasetron (Anzemet®)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists is available in both oral and intravenous dosage forms?

    <p>Ondansetron (Zofran®)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is specifically contraindicated for the prevention/treatment of nausea/vomiting?

    <p>Dolasetron (Anzemet®)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is solely available in an intravenous dosage form?

    <p>Palonosetron (Aloxi®)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist selectively binds to and inhibits 5-HT3 receptors to prevent nausea/vomiting?

    <p>Ondansetron (Zofran®)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect has been rarely reported with Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron®) administration?

    <p>Skeletal muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is associated with rapid intravenous administration of Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron®)?

    <p>Thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which patients should Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron®) not be used according to the text?

    <p>Patients with acquired defective color vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse reaction may occur due to the rapid intravenous administration of Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron®)?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron®) not be administered with Factor IX Complex concentrates or Anti-Inhibitor Coagulant concentrates?

    <p>To prevent an increased risk of thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual defect has been rarely reported with Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron®) use?

    <p>Color vision changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Classifying Antiemetic Drugs
    10 questions

    Antiemetic Classification Quiz: Antiemetic Drugs Classification

    RecommendedDerivative5007 avatar
    RecommendedDerivative5007
    Antiemetic Drugs Classification and Mechanism
    12 questions

    Antiemetic Drugs Classification and Mechanism

    VeritableJustice avatar
    VeritableJustice
    Gastrointestinal and Antiemetic Drugs
    38 questions

    Gastrointestinal and Antiemetic Drugs

    VictoriousCesium2538 avatar
    VictoriousCesium2538
    Antiemetic Drugs Overview
    15 questions

    Antiemetic Drugs Overview

    MarvellousElder avatar
    MarvellousElder
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser