Antiemetic Drugs Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main therapeutic use of 5-HT3 antagonists?

  • Postoperative nausea
  • Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (correct)
  • Motion sickness
  • Vestibular-related nausea

Which antiemetic group blocks H1 receptors in the vomiting center?

  • Muscarinic antagonists
  • Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists
  • NK1 receptor antagonists
  • H1-receptor antagonists (correct)

What side effect is commonly associated with Muscarinic antagonists?

  • QT prolongation
  • Constipation
  • Dry mouth (correct)
  • Euphoria

Which drug is categorized as a cannabinoid antiemetic?

<p>Nabilone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The major mechanism of action for Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists involves blocking which type of receptors?

<p>D2 receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of NK1 receptor antagonists?

<p>Dizziness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indication for using Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) as an antiemetic?

<p>Pregnancy-associated nausea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic use of Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists?

<p>Gastroenteritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common mechanism of action for H1-receptor antagonists?

<p>They block H1 receptors in the vomiting center and vestibular pathways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one potential adverse effect of 5-HT3 antagonists.

<p>Headache.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Muscarinic antagonists primarily work to prevent nausea?

<p>They block muscarinic receptors in the vestibular system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Cannabinoids in antiemetic therapy?

<p>They activate cannabinoid receptors in the CNS to treat CINV refractory to other treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one therapeutic use of Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists.

<p>Drug-induced nausea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the mechanism of action of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) as an antiemetic?

<p>Its exact mechanism is unclear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two members of the Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists group.

<p>Metoclopramide and Domperidone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Antiemetic Drugs

Drugs used to treat nausea and vomiting

H1-receptor antagonists

Drugs that block H1 receptors in the vomiting center and vestibular pathways

5-HT3 antagonists

Drugs that block 5-HT3 receptors to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV).

Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists

Drugs that block dopamine D2 receptors in the vomiting center to treat drug-induced nausea

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NK1 receptor antagonists

Drugs that block NK1 receptors in the brain to treat nausea or vomiting.

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Cyclizine

An antiemetic drug that is an H1 receptor antagonist

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Ondansetron

An antiemetic drug that is a 5-HT3 antagonist

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Metoclopramide

An antiemetic drug that is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist

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What is the main target of H1 receptor antagonists?

H1 receptor antagonists work by blocking H1 receptors in the vomiting center and vestibular pathways, which are responsible for signaling nausea and vomiting.

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What does a muscarinic antagonist do?

They block muscarinic receptors, which are found in the vestibular system. This helps control nausea and vomiting related to motion sickness.

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What are 5-HT3 antagonists used for?

They are commonly used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) by blocking 5-HT3 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and the GI tract.

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What are dopamine D2 receptors involved in?

These receptors are involved in controlling nausea and vomiting, and blocking them with dopamine D2 receptor antagonists helps treat drug-induced nausea, gastroenteritis, and PONV.

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What is the action of NK1 receptor antagonists?

They block neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptors in the brain, which are involved in the pathways for nausea and vomiting.

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What is the mechanism of action of cannabinoids?

Cannabinoids like Nabilone activate cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) to reduce nausea and vomiting.

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Why is Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) used for?

While the exact mechanism is not fully understood, Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) is used for treating nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy.

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What are some common side effects of antiemetics?

Common side effects include sedation, dry mouth, headache, constipation, dizziness, extrapyramidal symptoms, hyperprolactinemia, and QT prolongation.

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Study Notes

Antiemetic Drugs

  • Mechanism of Action & Therapeutic Uses: Different antiemetic drugs target various receptors or mechanisms to alleviate nausea and vomiting (N/V), including motion sickness, chemotherapy-induced nausea, and postoperative N/V.
  • H1-receptor antagonists: Drugs like Cyclizine and Meclizine block H1 receptors in the vestibular pathways and vomiting center to treat motion sickness and related nausea. Adverse effects include sedation and dry mouth.
  • Muscarinic antagonists: Hyoscine (Scopolamine) blocks muscarinic receptors to reduce nausea and vomiting, often used post-operatively. Adverse effects include dry mouth and blurred vision.
  • 5-HT3 antagonists: Ondansetron, Dolasetron, and Palonosetron block 5-HT3 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and gastrointestinal tract, treating chemotherapy-induced and post-operative nausea and vomiting. Adverse effects include headache, constipation and QTc prolongation.
  • Dopamine antagonists: Metoclopramide, Domperidone, and Prochlorperazine block dopamine receptors to manage drug-induced nausea, gastroenteritis, and post-operative vomiting. Potential side effects include extrapyramidal symptoms and hyperprolactinemia.
  • NK1 receptor antagonists: Aprepitant and Fosaprepitant block NK1 receptors in the brain, commonly used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), as well as for refractory cases. Adverse effects include fatigue and dizziness.
  • Cannabinoids: Nabilone activates cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), and may be used for CINV cases that haven't responded to other treatments. Adverse effects include euphoria, dizziness and dry mouth.
  • Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Not always part of the main antiemetic drug group but can be used in conjunction with other drugs. Adverse effects are minimal/well-tolerated during pregnancy.

Additional Antiemetic Drugs (Page 2)

  • Corticosteroids (Dexamethasone): Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, reducing nausea and inflammation in the vomiting center. Adverse effects include insomnia and increased appetite.
  • Benzodiazepines (Lorazepam): Enhance GABAergic activity, reducing anticipatory nausea. Adverse effects include sedation and potential dependence.

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Antiemetic Drugs Table - PDF

Description

Explore the mechanisms and therapeutic uses of various antiemetic drugs. This quiz covers H1-receptor antagonists, muscarinic antagonists, 5-HT3 antagonists, and dopamine antagonists, highlighting their actions and side effects. Prepare to enhance your understanding of how these medications alleviate nausea and vomiting.

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