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Questions and Answers
What is the main therapeutic use of 5-HT3 antagonists?
What is the main therapeutic use of 5-HT3 antagonists?
Which antiemetic group blocks H1 receptors in the vomiting center?
Which antiemetic group blocks H1 receptors in the vomiting center?
What side effect is commonly associated with Muscarinic antagonists?
What side effect is commonly associated with Muscarinic antagonists?
Which drug is categorized as a cannabinoid antiemetic?
Which drug is categorized as a cannabinoid antiemetic?
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The major mechanism of action for Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists involves blocking which type of receptors?
The major mechanism of action for Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists involves blocking which type of receptors?
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What is a common adverse effect of NK1 receptor antagonists?
What is a common adverse effect of NK1 receptor antagonists?
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Which of the following is an indication for using Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) as an antiemetic?
Which of the following is an indication for using Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) as an antiemetic?
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What is the therapeutic use of Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists?
What is the therapeutic use of Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists?
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What is the common mechanism of action for H1-receptor antagonists?
What is the common mechanism of action for H1-receptor antagonists?
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Identify one potential adverse effect of 5-HT3 antagonists.
Identify one potential adverse effect of 5-HT3 antagonists.
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How do Muscarinic antagonists primarily work to prevent nausea?
How do Muscarinic antagonists primarily work to prevent nausea?
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What is the role of Cannabinoids in antiemetic therapy?
What is the role of Cannabinoids in antiemetic therapy?
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Name one therapeutic use of Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists.
Name one therapeutic use of Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists.
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What is unique about the mechanism of action of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) as an antiemetic?
What is unique about the mechanism of action of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) as an antiemetic?
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List two members of the Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists group.
List two members of the Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonists group.
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Study Notes
Antiemetic Drugs
- Mechanism of Action & Therapeutic Uses: Different antiemetic drugs target various receptors or mechanisms to alleviate nausea and vomiting (N/V), including motion sickness, chemotherapy-induced nausea, and postoperative N/V.
- H1-receptor antagonists: Drugs like Cyclizine and Meclizine block H1 receptors in the vestibular pathways and vomiting center to treat motion sickness and related nausea. Adverse effects include sedation and dry mouth.
- Muscarinic antagonists: Hyoscine (Scopolamine) blocks muscarinic receptors to reduce nausea and vomiting, often used post-operatively. Adverse effects include dry mouth and blurred vision.
- 5-HT3 antagonists: Ondansetron, Dolasetron, and Palonosetron block 5-HT3 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and gastrointestinal tract, treating chemotherapy-induced and post-operative nausea and vomiting. Adverse effects include headache, constipation and QTc prolongation.
- Dopamine antagonists: Metoclopramide, Domperidone, and Prochlorperazine block dopamine receptors to manage drug-induced nausea, gastroenteritis, and post-operative vomiting. Potential side effects include extrapyramidal symptoms and hyperprolactinemia.
- NK1 receptor antagonists: Aprepitant and Fosaprepitant block NK1 receptors in the brain, commonly used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), as well as for refractory cases. Adverse effects include fatigue and dizziness.
- Cannabinoids: Nabilone activates cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), and may be used for CINV cases that haven't responded to other treatments. Adverse effects include euphoria, dizziness and dry mouth.
- Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Not always part of the main antiemetic drug group but can be used in conjunction with other drugs. Adverse effects are minimal/well-tolerated during pregnancy.
Additional Antiemetic Drugs (Page 2)
- Corticosteroids (Dexamethasone): Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, reducing nausea and inflammation in the vomiting center. Adverse effects include insomnia and increased appetite.
- Benzodiazepines (Lorazepam): Enhance GABAergic activity, reducing anticipatory nausea. Adverse effects include sedation and potential dependence.
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Description
Explore the mechanisms and therapeutic uses of various antiemetic drugs. This quiz covers H1-receptor antagonists, muscarinic antagonists, 5-HT3 antagonists, and dopamine antagonists, highlighting their actions and side effects. Prepare to enhance your understanding of how these medications alleviate nausea and vomiting.
