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Questions and Answers
What is the mechanism of action of ondansetron, granisetron, and dolasetron?
What is the main mechanism of action of bulk-forming laxatives?
Which of the following drugs can cause extrapyramidal side effects?
What is a potential complication of using bulk-forming laxatives without increasing fluid intake?
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What is the effect of metoclopramide and domperidone on gastric emptying time?
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Which of the following medications should not be used in combination with magnesium salts in laxatives?
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What is the mechanism of action of histamine type anticholinergic drugs?
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What is a common side effect of using bulk-forming laxatives?
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What is the effect of metoclopramide and domperidone on reflux into the esophagus?
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Why should patients with impaired kidney function avoid using laxatives containing magnesium salts?
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Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant laxative?
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What is the primary purpose of using bulk-forming laxatives in colonoscopies and intestinal surgery?
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Study Notes
Anti-Emetics
- Prevent nausea and vomiting by blocking 5-HT3 receptors
- Examples: ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron (used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting)
Dopamine Antagonists
- Metoclopramide: blocks Dâ‚‚ receptors, increases motility of esophagus, stomach, and intestine, reduces nausea and vomiting
- Domperidone: increases motility of esophagus, stomach, and intestine, reduces nausea and vomiting
Anti-Histamine/Anticholinergic
- Examples: dimenhydrinate, cinnarizine, meclizine (used to treat motion sickness and morning sickness)
Laxatives
- Types: stimulant (e.g. senna, bisacodyl), osmotic (e.g. lactulose), bulk-forming (e.g. psyllium, methylcellulose)
- Stimulant laxatives increase muscle contraction in the intestine to induce bowel movement
- Osmotic laxatives pull large amounts of water into the large intestine to soften stool
- Bulk-forming laxatives absorb water to increase stool bulk and stimulate bowel movement
Side Effects of Laxatives
- Constipation, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, flatulence, hypokalemia
Hâ‚‚ Antagonists
- Examples: cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine (used to inhibit gastric acid secretion)
- Used in peptic ulcer therapy in combination with antimicrobial drugs
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Description
Test your knowledge of antiemetic drugs, including serotonin, dopamine, and histamine type medications. Learn about their classification, generic and trade names, and mechanisms of action.
