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Questions and Answers
What is the mechanism of action of ondansetron, granisetron, and dolasetron?
What is the mechanism of action of ondansetron, granisetron, and dolasetron?
- They increase the release of dopamine
- They increase the motility of the esophagus, stomach, and intestine
- They block 5-HT3 receptors (correct)
- They stimulate the vomiting center
What is the main mechanism of action of bulk-forming laxatives?
What is the main mechanism of action of bulk-forming laxatives?
- Inhibiting gastric acid secretion
- Reducing fluid absorption in the large intestine
- Increasing contraction of muscles in the intestine (correct)
- Stimulating the healing of duodenal and gastric ulcers
Which of the following drugs can cause extrapyramidal side effects?
Which of the following drugs can cause extrapyramidal side effects?
- Metoclopramide (correct)
- Psyllium
- Ondansetron
- Domperidone
What is a potential complication of using bulk-forming laxatives without increasing fluid intake?
What is a potential complication of using bulk-forming laxatives without increasing fluid intake?
What is the effect of metoclopramide and domperidone on gastric emptying time?
What is the effect of metoclopramide and domperidone on gastric emptying time?
Which of the following medications should not be used in combination with magnesium salts in laxatives?
Which of the following medications should not be used in combination with magnesium salts in laxatives?
What is the mechanism of action of histamine type anticholinergic drugs?
What is the mechanism of action of histamine type anticholinergic drugs?
What is a common side effect of using bulk-forming laxatives?
What is a common side effect of using bulk-forming laxatives?
What is the effect of metoclopramide and domperidone on reflux into the esophagus?
What is the effect of metoclopramide and domperidone on reflux into the esophagus?
Why should patients with impaired kidney function avoid using laxatives containing magnesium salts?
Why should patients with impaired kidney function avoid using laxatives containing magnesium salts?
Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant laxative?
Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant laxative?
What is the primary purpose of using bulk-forming laxatives in colonoscopies and intestinal surgery?
What is the primary purpose of using bulk-forming laxatives in colonoscopies and intestinal surgery?
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Study Notes
Anti-Emetics
- Prevent nausea and vomiting by blocking 5-HT3 receptors
- Examples: ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron (used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting)
Dopamine Antagonists
- Metoclopramide: blocks Dâ‚‚ receptors, increases motility of esophagus, stomach, and intestine, reduces nausea and vomiting
- Domperidone: increases motility of esophagus, stomach, and intestine, reduces nausea and vomiting
Anti-Histamine/Anticholinergic
- Examples: dimenhydrinate, cinnarizine, meclizine (used to treat motion sickness and morning sickness)
Laxatives
- Types: stimulant (e.g. senna, bisacodyl), osmotic (e.g. lactulose), bulk-forming (e.g. psyllium, methylcellulose)
- Stimulant laxatives increase muscle contraction in the intestine to induce bowel movement
- Osmotic laxatives pull large amounts of water into the large intestine to soften stool
- Bulk-forming laxatives absorb water to increase stool bulk and stimulate bowel movement
Side Effects of Laxatives
- Constipation, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, flatulence, hypokalemia
Hâ‚‚ Antagonists
- Examples: cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine (used to inhibit gastric acid secretion)
- Used in peptic ulcer therapy in combination with antimicrobial drugs
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