Antibiotics: Macrolides, Vancomycin, and Sulfonamides
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for macrolide antibiotics?

  • Preventing protein synthesis (correct)
  • Disrupting DNA replication
  • Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
  • Blocking nutrient absorption

Which of the following is a potential side effect associated with macrolide use?

  • Improved hearing
  • Ototoxicity (correct)
  • Increased appetite
  • Decreased heart rate

Which suffix is typical among macrolides?

  • -cillin
  • -thromycin (correct)
  • -cycline
  • -azole

What type of infections are macrolides typically used to treat?

<p>Bacterial infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one use of erythromycin in newborns?

<p>To prevent eye infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vancomycin belongs to which drug class?

<p>Tricyclic Glycopeptide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Vancomycin?

<p>Inhibiting synthesis of folic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vancomycin is commonly used to treat which specific gastrointestinal infection when administered orally?

<p>Clostridium difficile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential side effect associated with Vancomycin?

<p>Red Man Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does VRE stand for in the context of antibiotic resistance?

<p>Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for sulfonamide antibiotics?

<p>Inhibition of folic acid synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential side effect associated with sulfonamide use?

<p>Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sulfamethoxazole is often combined with which other antibiotic?

<p>Trimethoprim (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are sulfonamides generally avoided during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester?

<p>They pose a risk of teratogenic effects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication (illness or condition treated) for Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim)?

<p>Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Vancomycin drug class

Tricyclic Glycopeptide

Vancomycin indications

Wide range of gram + and gram - infections

Vancomycin mechanism

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Vancomycin side effect

GI related + Red Man Syndrome

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Red Man Syndrome

Hypersensitivity reaction, vancomycin infusion reaction (VIR)

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What are macrolides?

A class of antibiotics effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections.

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How do macrolides work?

Macrolides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, preventing bacteria from growing and multiplying.

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Examples of macrolides

Erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin.

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Common side effects of macrolides?

Ototoxicity, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), prolonged QT interval, and hepatitis.

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Macrolides and P-450

Macrolides, particularly erythromycin, can inhibit the P-450 enzyme system, impacting drug metabolism.

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Sulfonamide Mechanism

Antibiotic that inhibits folic acid to combat bacteria.

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Bactrim Indications

UTIs, ear infections (OM), bronchitis, and GI infections.

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Sulfonamide Side Effects

Serious skin reactions like Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and candidiasis.

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Sulfonamide Interactions

Warfarin, DM Meds, Methotrexate, Digoxin, Diuretics

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Sulfonamides and Pregnancy

Avoid Sulfonamides

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