Questions and Answers
How do macrolides act?
By inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria
Macrolides are ___ or ___ depending on the organism and drug concentration present.
Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal
What is the drug that is less active against gram-positive organisms than erythromycin but has greater activity against gram-negative organisms?
Azithromycin
What are macrolides used for?
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What is the therapeutic outcome of macrolides?
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What is included in the premed assessment for macrolides?
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Azithromycin should be administered PO at least 1-2 hours after meals.
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How can azithromycin be administered?
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What are common adverse effects of macrolides?
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Macrolides MAY interfere with _____
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Why can macrolides cause toxicity?
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Macrolides and pimozide are contraindicated.
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What happens when macrolides are used with rifampin?
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Study Notes
Macrolides Overview
- Macrolides inhibit protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria, disrupting bacterial growth.
- They can act as either bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal agents depending on the organism and the concentration of the drug.
Erythromycin and Azithromycin
- Azithromycin is less effective against gram-positive organisms compared to erythromycin but shows enhanced activity against gram-negative organisms resistant to erythromycin.
Clinical Uses
- Macrolides are used to treat various infections, including respiratory infections, gastrointestinal tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They are particularly useful when penicillins, cephalosporins, and tetracyclines are not suitable.
Expected Outcomes
- The therapeutic goal of macrolides is the elimination of bacterial infections.
Patient Assessment
- Baseline assessments prior to administration include recording vital signs (temperature, pulse, respiration, BP) and hydration status.
- Evaluate any gastric symptoms, document allergies, and collect baseline lab studies as necessary.
Administration Considerations
- Azithromycin should be taken orally at least 1-2 hours after meals.
- It can be administered in various forms: tablets, packets, suspensions, or injections.
Adverse Effects
- Common side effects include gastric irritation, severe diarrhea, and thrombophlebitis.
Drug Interactions
- Macrolides may interfere with the efficacy of oral contraceptives.
- They can inhibit the metabolism of certain drugs, leading to potential toxicity due to drug accumulation.
Contraindications
- The combination of macrolides and pimozide is contraindicated due to a risk of fatal outcomes.
- Co-administration with rifampin may diminish the antimicrobial effects of macrolides while increasing gastrointestinal side effects.
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Description
Dive into the world of macrolides with these flashcards. Learn how these antibiotics function, their classifications, and their effectiveness against different types of bacteria. Perfect for students studying pharmacology or microbiology.
