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Antibacterials II: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
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Antibacterials II: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

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Questions and Answers

What does CFU stand for in microbiology?

  • Cell Forming Unit
  • Colony Focus Unit
  • Colony-Forming Unit (correct)
  • Concentration of Formed Units
  • What is the significance of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) in antimicrobial testing?

  • Concentration at which resistance appears
  • Concentration necessary for complete eradication of bacteria
  • Lowest concentration inhibiting visible growth (correct)
  • Highest concentration that promotes visible growth
  • What does the term 'Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)' refer to?

  • Maximum concentration where bacteria survive
  • Concentration at which resistance becomes irrelevant
  • Lowest concentration causing significant bactericidal activity (correct)
  • Lowest concentration resulting in visible growth inhibition
  • What is the range for the frequency of resistant mutants among viable bacterial cells?

    <p>1 mutant per 10^4 to 10^8 viable bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of breakpoints in antimicrobial susceptibility testing?

    <p>To assist clinicians in selecting antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is susceptibility not a guarantee of therapeutic success with antibiotics?

    <p>Factors beyond susceptibility influence therapeutic success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an MIC of 2 μg/ml really signify?

    <p>It could be 1, 2, or 4 μg/ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Susceptible Dose Dependent (SDD) for certain drugs?

    <p>They require higher dosages for favorable clinical outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which committee is responsible for determining breakpoints for antibiotics?

    <p>FDA - Food and Drug Administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major disadvantage of Microbroth Dilution Method compared to Macrobroth Dilution Method?

    <p>It cannot measure MBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Inoculum Effect in relation to a MIC test?

    <p>To provide a much lower inoculum than in actual infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which testing method is described as 'like taking a poll' in terms of sample size accuracy?

    <p>Microbroth dilution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to detect resistance in pathogens?

    <p>To prevent poor therapeutic outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of undetected resistance?

    <p>Spread of resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection involves "~25% of all infections in ICU"?

    <p>Hospital Acquired Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of hospital acquired pneumonia cases involve gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>~50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) particularly challenging to diagnose?

    <p>Conventional diagnosis is slow and time-consuming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What microbial etiology complicates the diagnosis of Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)?

    <p>Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, viral, and fungal infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of testing is necessary to identify resistance mechanisms?

    <p>PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of molecular diagnostic testing?

    <p>It plays a role in identifying resistance mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common types of infections that may require rapid pathogen identification?

    <p>Bloodstream infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of inadequate therapy for S.pneumoniae infections?

    <p>Increased mortality rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of the agar dilution method mentioned in the text?

    <p>MICs are lower than macrobroth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves applying a plastic strip coated with an antibiotic gradient?

    <p>E-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common drawback of qualitative disk diffusion assays?

    <p>Cannot determine how sensitive a bacteria is</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of automated susceptibility tests mentioned in the text?

    <p>To detect important isolates and trends within bacterial populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a limitation of molecular detection of resistance genes according to the text?

    <p>Negative result always implies bacterial susceptibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context provided, what can rapid susceptibility methods help determine for serious infections?

    <p>The point at which the chosen treatment will have minimal impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant finding in the Doern study comparing different antibacterial testing methods?

    <p>'Procedures' used were fewer in the rapid group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What societal impact did rapid susceptibility methods have as mentioned in the text?

    <p>$2.4 million saved over one year in overall therapy costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context provided, what is a concern associated with the routine use of molecular detection of resistance genes in hospitals?

    <p>Overcalling resistance by detecting non-resistant genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a significant advantage of rapid susceptibility methods based on environmental impact?

    <p>Correlation between drug use and reduced resistance rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

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