Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which nursing action would be most important before administering an intravenous dose of penicillin?
Which nursing action would be most important before administering an intravenous dose of penicillin?
Which intervention is the most important when caring for a 22-year-old woman who has been prescribed amoxicillin?
Which intervention is the most important when caring for a 22-year-old woman who has been prescribed amoxicillin?
Which sign or symptom would require immediate intervention by the nurse after a patient received the first dose of amoxicillin?
Which sign or symptom would require immediate intervention by the nurse after a patient received the first dose of amoxicillin?
Which patient parameter would lead the nurse to hold the dose of ceftriaxone and contact the healthcare provider?
Which patient parameter would lead the nurse to hold the dose of ceftriaxone and contact the healthcare provider?
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Which term is used to describe when an antibacterial drug is no longer effective due to repeated use?
Which term is used to describe when an antibacterial drug is no longer effective due to repeated use?
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Which laboratory value would the nurse assess to ensure safe administration of vancomycin?
Which laboratory value would the nurse assess to ensure safe administration of vancomycin?
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Which action would the nurse take if the patient develops excessive sweating and reports itching of the face and neck while vancomycin is being administered intravenously?
Which action would the nurse take if the patient develops excessive sweating and reports itching of the face and neck while vancomycin is being administered intravenously?
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Which teaching will the nurse provide to a patient who has been prescribed azithromycin for otitis media?
Which teaching will the nurse provide to a patient who has been prescribed azithromycin for otitis media?
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Which cue indicates cranial nerve VIII toxicity in a patient receiving vancomycin?
Which cue indicates cranial nerve VIII toxicity in a patient receiving vancomycin?
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Which information would the nurse include when teaching a patient about the administration of an antacid and ciprofloxacin?
Which information would the nurse include when teaching a patient about the administration of an antacid and ciprofloxacin?
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For which patient would the nurse question the prescription of tetracycline?
For which patient would the nurse question the prescription of tetracycline?
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Which instruction would the nurse include in the discharge teaching for a patient receiving tetracycline?
Which instruction would the nurse include in the discharge teaching for a patient receiving tetracycline?
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After teaching a patient prescribed doxycycline for a skin infection, which patient response reflects an understanding of doxycycline administration? Select all that apply.
After teaching a patient prescribed doxycycline for a skin infection, which patient response reflects an understanding of doxycycline administration? Select all that apply.
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Following education from the nurse for a new prescription of tetracycline, which patient statement reflects a need for clarification?
Following education from the nurse for a new prescription of tetracycline, which patient statement reflects a need for clarification?
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A patient is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and indicates the patient requires further instruction. Which statement indicates this?
A patient is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and indicates the patient requires further instruction. Which statement indicates this?
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A patient prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) reports feeling tired along with a painful and blistering rash. Which complication is likely occurring?
A patient prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) reports feeling tired along with a painful and blistering rash. Which complication is likely occurring?
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By which method(s) of transmission is tuberculosis spread? Select all that apply.
By which method(s) of transmission is tuberculosis spread? Select all that apply.
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Which statement describes how superinfection can occur?
Which statement describes how superinfection can occur?
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Which assessment is most important before administering the first dose of ampicillin to an 80-year-old patient?
Which assessment is most important before administering the first dose of ampicillin to an 80-year-old patient?
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Which occurrence(s) would the nurse mention as causative of bacterial resistance when explaining antibiotic therapy to a patient? (Select all that apply)
Which occurrence(s) would the nurse mention as causative of bacterial resistance when explaining antibiotic therapy to a patient? (Select all that apply)
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Which occurrence would the nurse identify as the cause of reported oral candidiasis in a patient who has been taking an antimicrobial drug for 2 weeks?
Which occurrence would the nurse identify as the cause of reported oral candidiasis in a patient who has been taking an antimicrobial drug for 2 weeks?
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Which organ can be damaged by antibacterial drugs? (Select all that apply)
Which organ can be damaged by antibacterial drugs? (Select all that apply)
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The nurse is reviewing a patient’s medical history before administering azithromycin. Which patient factor would most likely contribute to hepatotoxicity?
The nurse is reviewing a patient’s medical history before administering azithromycin. Which patient factor would most likely contribute to hepatotoxicity?
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Which drug interaction is most likely to contribute to vancomycin nephrotoxicity?
Which drug interaction is most likely to contribute to vancomycin nephrotoxicity?
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Which action by the nurse is inappropriate in caring for a patient receiving levofloxacin for a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Which action by the nurse is inappropriate in caring for a patient receiving levofloxacin for a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
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Which complication would the nurse monitor for in a patient who is on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy and has been prescribed levofloxacin?
Which complication would the nurse monitor for in a patient who is on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy and has been prescribed levofloxacin?
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Which assessment will the nurse include when planning care for a patient who is receiving daily gentamicin infusions?
Which assessment will the nurse include when planning care for a patient who is receiving daily gentamicin infusions?
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Which laboratory test is used to monitor for antibiotic toxicity?
Which laboratory test is used to monitor for antibiotic toxicity?
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Which statement correctly describes fluoroquinolones? (Select all that apply)
Which statement correctly describes fluoroquinolones? (Select all that apply)
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Which cue in a patient’s medical record would cause concern for a patient receiving gentamicin?
Which cue in a patient’s medical record would cause concern for a patient receiving gentamicin?
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Which action would the nurse suspect as the cause of shortness of breath, facial flushing, severe headache, vomiting, and confusion in a patient receiving metronidazole treatment?
Which action would the nurse suspect as the cause of shortness of breath, facial flushing, severe headache, vomiting, and confusion in a patient receiving metronidazole treatment?
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Which explanation will the nurse provide if a patient asks why a combination medication, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), is prescribed for a urinary tract infection?
Which explanation will the nurse provide if a patient asks why a combination medication, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), is prescribed for a urinary tract infection?
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Which intervention(s) would be appropriate when caring for a patient who has been prescribed penicillin G potassium? (Select all that apply)
Which intervention(s) would be appropriate when caring for a patient who has been prescribed penicillin G potassium? (Select all that apply)
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Which instructions should the nurse give regarding the use of bisacodyl?
Which instructions should the nurse give regarding the use of bisacodyl?
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What mechanism of action describes how diphenoxylate with atropine treats diarrhea due to chemotherapeutic agents?
What mechanism of action describes how diphenoxylate with atropine treats diarrhea due to chemotherapeutic agents?
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Which outcome assessment is essential to monitor for in a patient taking diphenoxylate with atropine?
Which outcome assessment is essential to monitor for in a patient taking diphenoxylate with atropine?
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Which parameter would be monitored closely in a patient receiving narcotic analgesics for pain and diphenoxylate with atropine for diarrhea?
Which parameter would be monitored closely in a patient receiving narcotic analgesics for pain and diphenoxylate with atropine for diarrhea?
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Which factors contribute to diarrhea? (Select all that apply)
Which factors contribute to diarrhea? (Select all that apply)
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Which opioid is used in mild to moderate pain and as an antitussive?
Which opioid is used in mild to moderate pain and as an antitussive?
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Which substance do antiinflammatories inhibit?
Which substance do antiinflammatories inhibit?
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Which information would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient who has been prescribed sucralfate?
Which information would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient who has been prescribed sucralfate?
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Which drug is considered a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor?
Which drug is considered a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor?
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Which statement by the patient indicates that the nurse’s teaching on the administration of a histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist was effective?
Which statement by the patient indicates that the nurse’s teaching on the administration of a histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist was effective?
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Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid?
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Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate if a patient with rheumatoid arthritis expresses concern about treatment with infliximab?
Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate if a patient with rheumatoid arthritis expresses concern about treatment with infliximab?
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Which adverse reaction would the nurse monitor for in a patient taking an aluminum-containing antacid?
Which adverse reaction would the nurse monitor for in a patient taking an aluminum-containing antacid?
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Which drug is most appropriate for a patient with back pain caused by inflammation?
Which drug is most appropriate for a patient with back pain caused by inflammation?
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Which instruction given by the nurse would ensure effective treatment if the nurse is teaching a patient with gout about dietary management during the administration of allopurinol?
Which instruction given by the nurse would ensure effective treatment if the nurse is teaching a patient with gout about dietary management during the administration of allopurinol?
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Which assessment finding in a patient taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) requires intervention?
Which assessment finding in a patient taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) requires intervention?
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Which drug would the nurse expect to be added to a patient’s regimen if the patient has hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate crystals in the synovial fluid?
Which drug would the nurse expect to be added to a patient’s regimen if the patient has hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate crystals in the synovial fluid?
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Which antiinflammatory agent inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) but not cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)?
Which antiinflammatory agent inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) but not cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)?
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Which food(s) or dietary supplement(s) would the nurse identify as potentially causing increased sedation with opioid therapy? Select all that apply.
Which food(s) or dietary supplement(s) would the nurse identify as potentially causing increased sedation with opioid therapy? Select all that apply.
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Which test would the nurse anticipate the health care provider (HCP) ordering for a patient who has been chronically taking high doses of acetaminophen?
Which test would the nurse anticipate the health care provider (HCP) ordering for a patient who has been chronically taking high doses of acetaminophen?
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Which action would the nurse take if a patient receiving morphine sulfate has a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min and a pain scale of 8 out of 10?
Which action would the nurse take if a patient receiving morphine sulfate has a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min and a pain scale of 8 out of 10?
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Which rationale describes why a nurse would record baseline vital signs before administering 5 mg of morphine sulfate intravenously?
Which rationale describes why a nurse would record baseline vital signs before administering 5 mg of morphine sulfate intravenously?
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Which drug may cause tinnitus as a side effect?
Which drug may cause tinnitus as a side effect?
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Which medication is used to treat severe adverse effects of an opioid analgesic?
Which medication is used to treat severe adverse effects of an opioid analgesic?
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Which medication would the nurse anticipate incorporating into the plan of care for a postoperative patient who received fentanyl and subsequently developed respiratory depression?
Which medication would the nurse anticipate incorporating into the plan of care for a postoperative patient who received fentanyl and subsequently developed respiratory depression?
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Which symptom is an adverse effect associated with excessive doses of acetaminophen? Select all that apply.
Which symptom is an adverse effect associated with excessive doses of acetaminophen? Select all that apply.
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Which lifestyle factors would the nurse question if a patient presents with frequent constipation? Select all that apply.
Which lifestyle factors would the nurse question if a patient presents with frequent constipation? Select all that apply.
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Which nonpharmacologic intervention is beneficial to a patient experiencing nausea and vomiting? Select all that apply.
Which nonpharmacologic intervention is beneficial to a patient experiencing nausea and vomiting? Select all that apply.
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Which of these options are cardinal signs of inflammation? (Select all that apply)
Which of these options are cardinal signs of inflammation? (Select all that apply)
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Which serious illness would the nurse suspect in a 6-year-old patient with influenza who is vomiting, delirious, extremely lethargic, and has dermatologic symptoms after receiving baby aspirin?
Which serious illness would the nurse suspect in a 6-year-old patient with influenza who is vomiting, delirious, extremely lethargic, and has dermatologic symptoms after receiving baby aspirin?
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What should the nurse respond if a family sees bruises on a patient taking a moderate dose of aspirin?
What should the nurse respond if a family sees bruises on a patient taking a moderate dose of aspirin?
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Which supporting evidence would the nurse provide regarding a proposed change from aspirin to ibuprofen?
Which supporting evidence would the nurse provide regarding a proposed change from aspirin to ibuprofen?
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What is the mechanism of action of allopurinol?
What is the mechanism of action of allopurinol?
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Which statement indicates a female patient at risk for stroke understands aspirin therapy instructions?
Which statement indicates a female patient at risk for stroke understands aspirin therapy instructions?
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Which action could cause complications for a patient on ibuprofen therapy for arthritis?
Which action could cause complications for a patient on ibuprofen therapy for arthritis?
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Which medication would be prescribed to a patient determined to be at increased risk for ischemic stroke?
Which medication would be prescribed to a patient determined to be at increased risk for ischemic stroke?
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Which assessment finding indicates that a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) has been effective?
Which assessment finding indicates that a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) has been effective?
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What action will the nurse take first for a patient with Crohn’s disease receiving infliximab?
What action will the nurse take first for a patient with Crohn’s disease receiving infliximab?
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Which patient would be at high risk for respiratory depression with intravenous morphine therapy? (Select all that apply)
Which patient would be at high risk for respiratory depression with intravenous morphine therapy? (Select all that apply)
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Which question is a priority for a nurse to ask a patient prescribed sumatriptan for migraine headaches?
Which question is a priority for a nurse to ask a patient prescribed sumatriptan for migraine headaches?
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Which type of pain originates from the skin and mucous membranes?
Which type of pain originates from the skin and mucous membranes?
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Which statement about somatic pain is accurate?
Which statement about somatic pain is accurate?
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Which assessment finding indicates that a patient has overdosed on morphine sulfate?
Which assessment finding indicates that a patient has overdosed on morphine sulfate?
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Which condition would the nurse expect to see in a patient who ingested 14 grams of acetaminophen?
Which condition would the nurse expect to see in a patient who ingested 14 grams of acetaminophen?
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Which finding would the nurse expect when assessing a patient for adverse effects of morphine sulfate?
Which finding would the nurse expect when assessing a patient for adverse effects of morphine sulfate?
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Which condition is a contraindication for the administration of acetaminophen?
Which condition is a contraindication for the administration of acetaminophen?
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Which side effect(s) may occur in a patient receiving isoniazid for tuberculosis? Select all that apply.
Which side effect(s) may occur in a patient receiving isoniazid for tuberculosis? Select all that apply.
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Which patient(s) would require cautious use, if at all, of fluconazole? Select all that apply.
Which patient(s) would require cautious use, if at all, of fluconazole? Select all that apply.
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Which microorganism is directly affected by acyclovir?
Which microorganism is directly affected by acyclovir?
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Which herpesvirus is commonly known as chickenpox?
Which herpesvirus is commonly known as chickenpox?
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A patient is taking fluconazole with warfarin. Which laboratory finding describes the possible interaction with these two medications?
A patient is taking fluconazole with warfarin. Which laboratory finding describes the possible interaction with these two medications?
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Which type of drug is used to destroy worms?
Which type of drug is used to destroy worms?
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Which drug classification includes antivirals, antimicrobials, antiparasitics, and antifungals?
Which drug classification includes antivirals, antimicrobials, antiparasitics, and antifungals?
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Which adverse reaction is common for ivermectin?
Which adverse reaction is common for ivermectin?
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Which purpose does pyridoxine (vitamin B6) serve in a patient receiving isoniazid for tuberculosis?
Which purpose does pyridoxine (vitamin B6) serve in a patient receiving isoniazid for tuberculosis?
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Which intervention would the nurse expect to implement in the case of a patient newly diagnosed with oral candidiasis of the mouth and throat?
Which intervention would the nurse expect to implement in the case of a patient newly diagnosed with oral candidiasis of the mouth and throat?
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Which is a first-line antitubercular drug?
Which is a first-line antitubercular drug?
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Which laboratory value alteration may be observed in a patient receiving isoniazid?
Which laboratory value alteration may be observed in a patient receiving isoniazid?
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Which drug is used to treat the majority of infections caused by the herpes simplex viruses and the varicella-zoster virus?
Which drug is used to treat the majority of infections caused by the herpes simplex viruses and the varicella-zoster virus?
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Which infection is a child at risk for developing as an adult if the child had chickenpox?
Which infection is a child at risk for developing as an adult if the child had chickenpox?
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Which patient would receive nystatin therapy?
Which patient would receive nystatin therapy?
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Which statement best describes how tuberculosis is spread?
Which statement best describes how tuberculosis is spread?
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A patient with diabetes is being treated with isoniazid (INH) for tuberculosis. To prevent peripheral neuropathy, which drug or vitamin supplement would the nurse anticipate giving?
A patient with diabetes is being treated with isoniazid (INH) for tuberculosis. To prevent peripheral neuropathy, which drug or vitamin supplement would the nurse anticipate giving?
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Which physical finding may indicate a superinfection in a patient taking an antiinfective agent?
Which physical finding may indicate a superinfection in a patient taking an antiinfective agent?
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Which is the most common site for helminthiasis?
Which is the most common site for helminthiasis?
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The nurse has educated a patient on adverse reactions of antitubercular drugs. Which adverse reaction would be reported to the health care provider?
The nurse has educated a patient on adverse reactions of antitubercular drugs. Which adverse reaction would be reported to the health care provider?
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Study Notes
Antibacterials Overview
- Superinfection occurs when antibiotics destroy normal bacterial flora, allowing opportunistic bacteria or fungi to cause infection.
- Critical assessment before administering ampicillin to elderly patients includes monitoring renal function due to high sodium/potassium content in the drug.
- Antibiotic resistance can result from stopping antibiotics prematurely, using them for viral infections, or skipping doses.
Oral Candidiasis and Superinfection
- Oral candidiasis after antibiotic use is a form of superinfection caused by the overgrowth of fungus when normal gut flora is disrupted.
Organ Toxicity from Antibacterials
- Major organs impacted by antibacterial drugs include the liver and kidneys, leading to potential toxicities.
- Drug interactions, such as with acetaminophen, can increase hepatotoxic risks with azithromycin.
Nephrotoxicity and Drug Interactions
- Vancomycin can cause nephrotoxicity, especially when combined with furosemide.
- Continuous renal function assessment is vital for patients receiving aminoglycosides like gentamicin.
Administration Guidelines
- Levofloxacin, for urinary tract infections, should not be taken with caffeinated products to avoid CNS effects like seizures.
- Maintaining hydration (6 to 8 glasses of water) is important to prevent crystalluria during fluoroquinolone therapy.
Antibiotic Monitoring
- Trough levels measure the lowest concentration of antibiotics and help maintain efficacy, while peak levels assist in monitoring toxicity.
- Regular urine output should be evaluated, with a threshold of 600 mL in 24 hours to rule out renal insufficiency.
Disulfiram Reaction
- Patients on metronidazole should avoid alcohol to prevent severe reactions characterized by flushing, headaches, and confusion.
Combination Antibiotics
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is prescribed for UTIs to reduce bacterial resistance and enhance bactericidal response.
Nursing Priorities for Penicillin
- Before administering penicillin, it is critical to assess for allergies to prevent severe allergic reactions.
- Monitoring for respiratory distress is essential following the administration of penicillin due to the risk of allergic reactions.
Amoxicillin Considerations
- Amoxicillin can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives; therefore, assessing for their use is crucial for patient advice and management.
Test-Taking Tips
- Careful reading of all options and elimination of clearly wrong answers enhance chances of answering multiple-choice questions correctly.
- Look for clues in question details that may guide appropriate responses regarding patient care and medication management.### Antibiotic Usage and Assessment
- Long-term antibiotic use can lead to blood dyscrasias; however, baseline CBC assessments are not deemed necessary.
- Key nursing priorities include informing patients about potential superinfections and advising against taking medication immediately before meals.
Amoxicillin and Immediate Intervention
- Angioedema is a serious, life-threatening reaction that requires immediate nursing intervention.
- Nausea, candidiasis, and tongue discoloration are non-life-threatening side effects of amoxicillin.
Ceftriaxone and Allergies
- A cefazolin allergy suggests a possible allergy to ceftriaxone; the nurse should hold the dose and contact the healthcare provider.
- Conditions like diabetes, WBC count of 8.2 cells/mm³, and creatinine level at 1.1 mg/dL do not contraindicate ceftriaxone use.
Antibiotic Resistance
- Acquired resistance occurs when bacteria become resistant to antibiotics due to repeated exposure.
- Other terms: potentiative effect enhances drug efficacy, antagonistic effect reduces efficacy, and inherent resistance exists without prior antibiotic exposure.
Vancomycin Administration and Monitoring
- Assess renal function before administering vancomycin due to its association with nephrotoxicity.
- Rapid infusion can cause red man syndrome, necessitating the immediate cessation of the infusion when symptoms appear.
Azithromycin Patient Education
- Patients must complete the full prescribed course of azithromycin even if symptoms improve to avoid resistant bacteria.
Cranial Nerve VIII Toxicity
- Ototoxicity associated with vancomycin affects cranial nerve VIII, indicated by symptoms like tinnitus and hearing loss.
Antacid Interaction with Ciprofloxacin
- Ciprofloxacin should be taken 2 hours before or after antacids to ensure optimal absorption.
Tetracycline Cautions
- Tetracycline is contraindicated in patients under 8 years due to the risk of permanent tooth discoloration.
- Photosensitivity is a side effect; patients should use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when outdoors.
Doxycycline Administration Understanding
- Doxycycline should be taken with food to mitigate gastrointestinal side effects.
- Patients should not stop taking the medication prematurely, even if they feel better.
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Guidance
- Complete the TMP-SMZ course to avoid antibiotic resistance; photosensitivity and proper hydration, with increased water intake, are advised.
Symptoms of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Indicators include fatigue and a painful rash, necessitating immediate medical attention.
Tuberculosis Transmission
- Tuberculosis spreads primarily through inhaling droplets from talking, sneezing, or coughing; it is not spread through sexual contact or shared toilet seats.
Isoniazid Side Effects
- Potential side effects include tremors, drowsiness, photosensitivity, and changes in vision, but not hearing loss or red-orange urine.
Fluconazole Cautions
- Cautious use of fluconazole is advised in pregnant patients, those with kidney failure, or liver disease, while being indicated for candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis.
Acyclovir Use
- Acyclovir specifically targets the varicella-zoster virus, which causes herpes zoster; it is ineffective against Proteus vulgaris, Pneumocystis jiroveci, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Varicella-Zoster Virus
- The varicella-zoster virus is responsible for chickenpox; other herpes viruses cause different conditions (e.g., cytomegalovirus leads to pneumonia).
Warfarin and Fluconazole Interaction
- Co-administration of fluconazole with warfarin can result in increased prothrombin time, indicating a risk for enhanced anticoagulant effect.### Fluconazole and Warfarin Interaction
- Fluconazole may increase prothrombin time in patients taking warfarin, necessitating monitoring for signs of bleeding.
- It can elevate liver function tests; however, this does not interact with warfarin.
- This combination does not significantly affect potassium or blood glucose levels.
- Hypoglycemia risk exists when fluconazole is combined with oral sulfonylureas.
Anthelmintics
- Anthelmintics are used to destroy parasitic worms, while antivirals, antibiotics, and antimalarials serve different functions.
- Antibiotics target bacterial infections, and antimalarials focus on malaria caused by Plasmodium species.
Antimicrobial Classification
- Antimicrobial drug classification encompasses a vast range of medications, including antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics.
- Antimicrobials such as quinines do not encompass the full scope of these classifications.
Ivermectin Side Effects
- Common side effects of ivermectin include gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
- Anxiety, hypertension, and constipation are not typical reactions to anthelmintics.
Isoniazid and Pyridoxine
- Isoniazid, used for tuberculosis, can cause pyridoxine deficiency, potentially leading to peripheral neuropathy.
- Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) is prescribed to prevent nerve damage caused by isoniazid.
Nystatin for Oral Candidiasis
- Patients diagnosed with oral candidiasis should swish and gargle with nystatin to treat the infection effectively.
- Nystatin is an antifungal specifically targeting candidal infections.
Tuberculosis Transmission
- Tuberculosis spreads via inhalation of droplets from an infected person, not through contact with blood, stool, or surfaces.
- Patients with active tuberculosis should be placed on droplet precautions.
Isoniazid Laboratory Values
- Isoniazid increases alanine aminotransferase levels but does not affect blood glucose levels significantly.
- The drug can potentially lower neutrophil count, leading to agranulocytosis.
Acyclovir for Viral Infections
- Acyclovir is the primary drug for treating infections caused by herpes simplex viruses and varicella-zoster virus.
- Other antiviral drugs like zanamivir and ganciclovir target different viruses.
Varicella-Zoster Virus and Shingles
- Following chickenpox, the varicella-zoster virus can reactivate later in life as shingles.
- Gastroenteritis, retinitis, and Kaposi sarcoma are unrelated to a history of chickenpox.
Nystatin Administration Purpose
- Nystatin is administered for treating oral candidiasis, effective orally due to its ability to contact mucous membranes.
First-Line Antitubercular Drugs
- Isoniazid is identified as a first-line drug in tuberculosis treatment.
- Other first-line agents include rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol; others are considered second-line.
Superinfection Signs
- White patches on the tongue may indicate superinfection in patients receiving anti-infective agents.
- General symptoms like itching or decreased urinary output do not specifically signify a superinfection.
Helminthiasis Site
- The intestine is recognized as the most common site for helminthiasis (worm infection).
Infection Spread Prevention
- Effective handwashing before meals and after toilet use is essential to prevent the spread of helminthiasis.
- General hygiene measures like daily showers do not directly prevent the spread of infection.
Inflammation Cardinal Signs
- Cardinal signs of inflammation include pain, swelling, and redness.
- An increase in function is incorrect; typically, function decreases during inflammation.
Reye Syndrome in Children
- Aspirin use in febrile children poses a risk for Reye syndrome, characterized by symptoms like vomiting and lethargy.
- Reye syndrome is a critical concern, especially following viral infections like influenza.
Aspirin and Bruising
- Bruising is a common side effect in patients taking aspirin due to its effect on platelet function.
- Nurses should educate families on this typical reaction rather than dismiss concerns outright.
Mechanism of Action of Allopurinol
- Allopurinol decreases uric acid biosynthesis, helpful for conditions like gout.
- Different drugs target various pathways, emphasizing the importance of understanding specific drug mechanisms.
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Description
Test your knowledge on antibacterials in this Topic 10 Part 1 quiz. The questions explore various concepts including superinfection and mechanisms of action. Perfect for students studying microbiology or pharmaceutical sciences.
