Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cell membrane in an animal cell?
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
What is a key characteristic of an animal cell?
Which of the following correctly describes the function of lysosomes?
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What role does the Golgi apparatus serve in the cell?
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Which statement about cell differentiation is true?
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What is the primary role of dermal tissue in plants?
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What do stomata do in plant leaves?
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What is the main function of parenchyma cells in plants?
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Which type of ground tissue is primarily responsible for support in growing plant parts?
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What characteristic distinguishes schlerenchyma cells from parenchyma and collenchyma cells?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?
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What distinguishes xylem cells from phloem cells?
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What are sieve cells primarily responsible for in phloem tissue?
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Which type of epithelial tissue consists of multiple layers of cells?
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Companion cells are associated with which type of tissue?
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What is the primary function of simple squamous epithelium?
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Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium commonly found?
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Which type of muscle tissue is striated and involuntary in nature?
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What is a characteristic of smooth muscle tissue?
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What is the primary role of loose connective tissue?
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Which of the following best describes stratified squamous epithelium?
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What type of epithelial tissue is primarily involved in absorption within the digestive tract?
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What does adipose tissue primarily do?
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Study Notes
Animal Cell Structures and Functions
- Eukaryotic cells lacking a cell wall, featuring membrane-bound organelles.
- Cell Membrane: Protects the cell and regulates nutrient entry and exit.
- Nuclear Membrane: Encases the nucleus.
- Centrosome: Contains a thick center and radiating tubules, near the nucleus.
- Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes for digestion, excretion, and cell renewal.
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance housing all organelles.
- Golgi Apparatus: Responsible for manufacturing, storing, packing, and transporting cellular particles.
- Mitochondria: Known as the powerhouse of the cell for energy production.
- Ribosomes: Sites for protein synthesis.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum: Divided into Rough ER (protein synthesis) and Smooth ER (lipid synthesis).
Plant Tissue System
- Cell Differentiation: Process where cells change type to perform different functions, involving significant gene expression changes.
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Tissue Types:
- Dermal Tissue: Surface layer of plants, consists of epidermal cells, protects against water loss.
- Ground Tissue: Provides storage, support, and photosynthesis.
- Vascular Tissue: Responsible for transport in plants.
Dermal Tissue
- Covers the plant body, made of single-layer epidermis composed of parenchyma cells.
- Cuticle: Waxy material produced to minimize water loss.
- Stomata: Openings in epidermis for gas exchange, regulated by guard cells.
Ground Tissue
- Facilitates storage, support, photosynthesis, and defensive/attractant substance production.
- Parenchyma Cells: Large vacuoles with thin walls, critical for metabolic processes and storage.
- Collenchyma Cells: Elongated with uneven walls, providing structural support.
- Schlerenchyma Cells: Rigid with secondary cell walls, providing structural support and reducing herbivory.
Vascular Tissue
- Xylem: Transports water and nutrients from roots to other plant parts; comprises tracheids and vessel elements.
- Phloem: Transports sugars from leaves throughout the plant; contains sieve cells and companion cells for metabolic support.
Animal Tissue System
- Epithelial Tissue: Covers internal and external body surfaces; functions include protection, secretion, absorption, and barrier formation.
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Types of Epithelial Tissue:
- Simple Epithelium: Single cell layer.
- Stratified Epithelium: Multiple layers for added protection.
- Varieties include Simple Squamous, Stratified Squamous, Simple Cuboidal, Stratified Cuboidal, Simple Columnar, and Stratified Columnar.
Muscle Tissue
- Provides movement and heat generation.
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Types of Muscle Tissue:
- Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary, striated, responsible for body movements.
- Smooth Muscle: Involuntary, non-striated, found in hollow organs for rhythmic contractions.
- Cardiac Muscle: Striated and involuntary, forms the heart with branching interconnections.
Connective Tissue
- Most abundant tissue in the body, supports and anchors various parts.
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Types of Connective Tissue:
- Loose Connective Tissue: Contains collagen fibers, provides nourishment.
- Adipose Tissue: Composed of adipocytes, stores fat for energy and metabolism.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the key structures and functions of animal cells, including organelles like the mitochondria, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus. Additionally, it covers plant tissue systems and the process of cell differentiation, highlighting the role of various cell types in plant function.
