Animal Cell Structures and Plant Tissues

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane in an animal cell?

Packaging and transporting materials

Protection and regulation of nutrient entry and exit (correct)

Production of ATP

Synthesis of proteins

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

Ribosome

Golgi apparatus

Lysosome

Mitochondria (correct)

What is a key characteristic of an animal cell?

Lacks a nucleus

Undergoes photosynthesis

Has membrane-bound organelles (correct)

Contains a cell wall

Which of the following correctly describes the function of lysosomes?

Digest materials and assist in cell renewal Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Golgi apparatus serve in the cell?

Packaging and transporting cellular materials Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cell differentiation is true?

It leads to a change in cell type and function. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of dermal tissue in plants?

Protection from water loss Signup and view all the answers

What do stomata do in plant leaves?

Facilitate gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of parenchyma cells in plants?

Storage of organic products Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ground tissue is primarily responsible for support in growing plant parts?

Collenchyma cells Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes schlerenchyma cells from parenchyma and collenchyma cells?

They have thickened secondary walls Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Conducting nerve impulses Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes xylem cells from phloem cells?

Xylem cells transport water and nutrients, phloem cells transport sugars Signup and view all the answers

What are sieve cells primarily responsible for in phloem tissue?

Conducting sugars and organic compounds Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial tissue consists of multiple layers of cells?

Stratified epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Companion cells are associated with which type of tissue?

Phloem Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of simple squamous epithelium?

Gas exchange and nutrient transport Signup and view all the answers

Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium commonly found?

Sweat glands and salivary glands Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is striated and involuntary in nature?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of smooth muscle tissue?

Involuntary and non-striated Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of loose connective tissue?

Provide structural support and nourishment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes stratified squamous epithelium?

Multiple layers for protection Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelial tissue is primarily involved in absorption within the digestive tract?

Simple columnar Signup and view all the answers

What does adipose tissue primarily do?

Stores fat for energy and metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Animal Cell Structures and Functions

Eukaryotic cells lacking a cell wall, featuring membrane-bound organelles.
Cell Membrane: Protects the cell and regulates nutrient entry and exit.
Nuclear Membrane: Encases the nucleus.
Centrosome: Contains a thick center and radiating tubules, near the nucleus.
Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes for digestion, excretion, and cell renewal.
Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance housing all organelles.
Golgi Apparatus: Responsible for manufacturing, storing, packing, and transporting cellular particles.
Mitochondria: Known as the powerhouse of the cell for energy production.
Ribosomes: Sites for protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Divided into Rough ER (protein synthesis) and Smooth ER (lipid synthesis).

Plant Tissue System

Cell Differentiation: Process where cells change type to perform different functions, involving significant gene expression changes.
Tissue Types:
- Dermal Tissue: Surface layer of plants, consists of epidermal cells, protects against water loss.
- Ground Tissue: Provides storage, support, and photosynthesis.
- Vascular Tissue: Responsible for transport in plants.

Dermal Tissue

Covers the plant body, made of single-layer epidermis composed of parenchyma cells.
Cuticle: Waxy material produced to minimize water loss.
Stomata: Openings in epidermis for gas exchange, regulated by guard cells.

Ground Tissue

Facilitates storage, support, photosynthesis, and defensive/attractant substance production.
Parenchyma Cells: Large vacuoles with thin walls, critical for metabolic processes and storage.
Collenchyma Cells: Elongated with uneven walls, providing structural support.
Schlerenchyma Cells: Rigid with secondary cell walls, providing structural support and reducing herbivory.

Vascular Tissue

Xylem: Transports water and nutrients from roots to other plant parts; comprises tracheids and vessel elements.
Phloem: Transports sugars from leaves throughout the plant; contains sieve cells and companion cells for metabolic support.

Animal Tissue System

Epithelial Tissue: Covers internal and external body surfaces; functions include protection, secretion, absorption, and barrier formation.
Types of Epithelial Tissue:
- Simple Epithelium: Single cell layer.
- Stratified Epithelium: Multiple layers for added protection.
- Varieties include Simple Squamous, Stratified Squamous, Simple Cuboidal, Stratified Cuboidal, Simple Columnar, and Stratified Columnar.

Muscle Tissue

Provides movement and heat generation.
Types of Muscle Tissue:
- Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary, striated, responsible for body movements.
- Smooth Muscle: Involuntary, non-striated, found in hollow organs for rhythmic contractions.
- Cardiac Muscle: Striated and involuntary, forms the heart with branching interconnections.

Connective Tissue

Most abundant tissue in the body, supports and anchors various parts.
Types of Connective Tissue:
- Loose Connective Tissue: Contains collagen fibers, provides nourishment.
- Adipose Tissue: Composed of adipocytes, stores fat for energy and metabolism.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the key structures and functions of animal cells, including organelles like the mitochondria, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus. Additionally, it covers plant tissue systems and the process of cell differentiation, highlighting the role of various cell types in plant function.