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Questions and Answers
What is the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) range for normocytic anemia?
What is the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) range for normocytic anemia?
- Exactly 80 fL
- Below 80 fL
- Above 100 fL
- Between 80 and 100 fL (correct)
Which clinical feature is most specifically associated with iron deficiency anemia?
Which clinical feature is most specifically associated with iron deficiency anemia?
- Pica (correct)
- Headaches
- Dyspnea
- Fatigue
Which of the following is NOT a cause of iron deficiency anemia?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of iron deficiency anemia?
- Inadequate iron intake
- Poor iron absorption
- Chronic bleeding
- Increased vitamin B12 intake (correct)
What is the recommended daily iron intake for adult females?
What is the recommended daily iron intake for adult females?
Which enzyme is NOT involved in the synthesis of heme?
Which enzyme is NOT involved in the synthesis of heme?
Which laboratory finding is typically low in iron deficiency anemia?
Which laboratory finding is typically low in iron deficiency anemia?
What is a common treatment option for sideroblastic anemia?
What is a common treatment option for sideroblastic anemia?
What distinguishes anemia of chronic disease from iron deficiency anemia?
What distinguishes anemia of chronic disease from iron deficiency anemia?
Which enzyme deficiency is associated with sideroblastic anemia?
Which enzyme deficiency is associated with sideroblastic anemia?
What is the expected reticulocyte count in anemic adults with competent bone marrow function?
What is the expected reticulocyte count in anemic adults with competent bone marrow function?
Which of the following lab findings can be seen in sideroblastic anemia?
Which of the following lab findings can be seen in sideroblastic anemia?
What role does hepcidin play in anemia of chronic disease?
What role does hepcidin play in anemia of chronic disease?
Which type of anemia is often linked to myelodysplastic syndromes?
Which type of anemia is often linked to myelodysplastic syndromes?
What finding is characteristic of the peripheral blood smear in sideroblastic anemia?
What finding is characteristic of the peripheral blood smear in sideroblastic anemia?
Which inflammatory cytokine is associated with anemia of chronic disease?
Which inflammatory cytokine is associated with anemia of chronic disease?
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Study Notes
Normocytic Anemia
- Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) range: 80-100 fL
Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Most specific clinical feature: Koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails)
Causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia
- NOT a cause: Lack of intrinsic factor (this is associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency)
Iron Intake
- Recommended daily iron intake for adult females: 18 mg
Heme Synthesis Enzymes
- Enzyme NOT involved: Dihydrofolate reductase (involved in folate metabolism)
Iron Deficiency Anemia Lab Findings
- Typically low: Serum ferritin (iron storage protein)
Siderblastic Anemia Treatment
- Common treatment: Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
Anemia of Chronic Disease vs. Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Distinguishing factor: Serum ferritin levels are normal or even elevated in anemia of chronic disease, while they are low in iron deficiency anemia.
Sideroblastic Anemia Enzyme Deficiency
- Enzyme deficiency: δ-aminolevulinate synthase (key enzyme in heme synthesis)
Reticulocyte Count in Anemic Adults
- Expected reticulocyte count: Increased (indicates bone marrow is responding to anemia)
Sideroblastic Anemia Lab Findings
- Lab finding seen: Ring sideroblasts (red blood cells with iron-laden mitochondria)
Hepcidin Role in Anemia of Chronic Disease
- Hepcidin: Inhibits iron absorption and release from macrophages, contributing to anemia
Anemia Linked to Myelodysplastic Syndromes
- Anemia type: Sideroblastic anemia
Peripheral Blood Smear Finding in Sideroblastic Anemia
- Characteristic finding: Basophilic stippling (blue-staining granules in red blood cells)
Inflammatory Cytokine in Anemia of Chronic Disease
- Associated inflammatory cytokine: TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
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