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Questions and Answers
What nerve is responsible for secretomotor innervation of the parotid gland?
Auriculotemporal nerve
Which arteries are structures within the parotid gland?
The parotid gland is the smallest of the salivary glands.
False
The parotid duct is ______ in diameter.
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What is the function of the sympathetic nerve supply in the parotid gland?
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Which of the following describes the shape of the submandibular gland?
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Where does the submandibular duct open?
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The deep part of the submandibular gland is superficial to the mylohyoid muscle.
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The ______ nerve is attached to the upper pole of the submandibular gland.
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What is the main blood supply to the submandibular gland?
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Study Notes
Parotid Gland
- Largest salivary gland, located below the ear, between the ramus of the mandible and the sternomastoid muscle.
- Enclosed by a capsule formed by the deep cervical fascia, except at the upper part.
- Superficial layer of the capsule is thickened and adherent to the gland.
- Divided into 2 parts:
- Superficial (80%): located over the posterior part of the ramus of the mandible.
- Deep (20%): located behind the mandible and medial pterygoid muscle, near the mastoid and styloid process.
- Contains an accessory parotid gland, a prolongation of the main gland, along the parotid duct.
- Structures within the parotid gland from deep to superficial
- External carotid artery, maxillary artery, superficial temporal artery, posterior auricular artery
- Retromandibular vein
- Facial nerve with its branches
Parotid Duct (Stensen’s Duct)
- 2-3 mm in diameter, 5 cm in length.
- Begins behind the angle of the mandible, runs over the masseter muscle, and passes through the buccinator muscle.
- Opens into the oral mucosa opposite the crown of the upper second molar tooth.
- Blood supply: External carotid artery
- Venous drainage: External jugular vein
- Nerve supply:
- Parasympathetic: Secretomotor from the auriculotemporal nerve (mandibular division of trigeminal nerve)
- Sympathetic: Vasomotor from the plexus around the external carotid artery.
Submandibular Salivary Gland
- ‘J’ shaped gland located in the anterior part of the digastric triangle.
- Divided into 2 parts:
- Superficial: Located in the submandibular triangle, superficial to the mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles, between the two bellies of the digastric muscle.
- Deep: Located in the floor of the mouth, deep to the mylohyoid muscle.
- Facial artery emerges from under the stylohyoid muscle and enters the gland from the posterior and deep surface, reaching its lateral surface crossing the lower border of the mandible to enter the face.
- Venous drainage: Anterior facial vein.
- Nerve supply: Branches from the submandibular ganglion.
Submandibular Duct (Wharton’s Duct)
- 5 cm long, emerges from the deep part of the gland and enters the floor of the mouth, on the summit of the papilla beside the frenulum of the tongue.
Lingual Nerve and Submandibular Ganglion
- Attached to the upper pole of the submandibular gland.
Hypoglossal Nerve
- Located deep to the submandibular gland.
Sublingual Salivary Gland
- Smallest of the major salivary glands, located in the floor of the mouth, on the lateral side of the frenulum of the tongue.
- Gland drains directly into the mucosa or through a duct that drains into the submandibular duct. This duct is called the Bartholin duct.
Facial Nerve
- Emerges from the stylomastoid foramen, passes around the neck of the mandible, and is divided into temporofacial and cervicofacial branches.
- Branches:
- Temporal: Auricularis anterior and superior part of frontalis.
- Zygomatic: Frontalis and orbicularis oculi.
- Buccal: Buccinator, orbicularis oculi, elevators of the lip.
- Mandibular: Lower lip muscles.
- Cervical: Platysma.
Sialography
- Used to visualize salivary glands and their ducts.
- Indications:
- Salivary fistulas.
- Sialectasis.
- Congenital conditions.
- Extraglandular masses.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy and functions of the parotid gland, the largest salivary gland in the human body. It includes details on its location, structure, and the associated parotid duct (Stensen's duct). Test your knowledge on the crucial aspects of these anatomical features.