Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the approximate weight of the parotid gland?
What is the approximate weight of the parotid gland?
Where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity?
Where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity?
What shape describes the parotid gland?
What shape describes the parotid gland?
Which structure is located posterior to the parotid gland?
Which structure is located posterior to the parotid gland?
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Which nerve is closely related to the superior surface of the parotid gland?
Which nerve is closely related to the superior surface of the parotid gland?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the medial border of the parotid bed?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the medial border of the parotid bed?
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What anatomical feature lies laterally to the parotid gland?
What anatomical feature lies laterally to the parotid gland?
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Which structure is part of the capsule of the parotid gland?
Which structure is part of the capsule of the parotid gland?
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Which structure enters the parotid gland from the posteromedial surface?
Which structure enters the parotid gland from the posteromedial surface?
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Where does the retromandibular vein leave the parotid gland?
Where does the retromandibular vein leave the parotid gland?
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What is the primary role of the facial nerve in the parotid gland?
What is the primary role of the facial nerve in the parotid gland?
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Which artery is associated with the external carotid artery within the gland?
Which artery is associated with the external carotid artery within the gland?
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What type of innervation does the parotid gland receive from the glossopharyngeal nerve?
What type of innervation does the parotid gland receive from the glossopharyngeal nerve?
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Which structure is located superficial to the external carotid artery within the parotid gland?
Which structure is located superficial to the external carotid artery within the parotid gland?
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To which lymph nodes does lymph from the parotid gland typically drain?
To which lymph nodes does lymph from the parotid gland typically drain?
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What bone-related structure is associated with the posterior medial surface of the parotid gland?
What bone-related structure is associated with the posterior medial surface of the parotid gland?
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What is the anatomical relationship of the superior surface of the parotid gland?
What is the anatomical relationship of the superior surface of the parotid gland?
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Which surface of the parotid gland is covered by skin and superficial fascia?
Which surface of the parotid gland is covered by skin and superficial fascia?
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What anatomical feature is reflected in the pyramidal shape of the parotid gland?
What anatomical feature is reflected in the pyramidal shape of the parotid gland?
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Which structure overlaps the posterior part of the parotid gland?
Which structure overlaps the posterior part of the parotid gland?
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Where is the accessory parotid gland located in relation to the duct?
Where is the accessory parotid gland located in relation to the duct?
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What are the borders of the parotid bed laterally composed of?
What are the borders of the parotid bed laterally composed of?
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What is the diameter and length of the parotid duct?
What is the diameter and length of the parotid duct?
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Which surface of the parotid gland is related to the styloid process?
Which surface of the parotid gland is related to the styloid process?
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Which structure emerges from the anterior margin of the anteromedial surface of the parotid gland?
Which structure emerges from the anterior margin of the anteromedial surface of the parotid gland?
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What is one relationship of the posterior medial surface of the parotid gland?
What is one relationship of the posterior medial surface of the parotid gland?
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How does the retromandibular vein exit the parotid gland?
How does the retromandibular vein exit the parotid gland?
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Which artery enters the parotid gland and gives off the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries?
Which artery enters the parotid gland and gives off the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries?
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What type of nerve fibers ultimately innervate the parotid gland?
What type of nerve fibers ultimately innervate the parotid gland?
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Which structure is located deep to the external carotid artery within the parotid gland?
Which structure is located deep to the external carotid artery within the parotid gland?
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What lymph nodes receive drainage from the parotid gland?
What lymph nodes receive drainage from the parotid gland?
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What is the primary condition associated with inflammation of the parotid gland?
What is the primary condition associated with inflammation of the parotid gland?
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Study Notes
Parotid Gland
- Largest salivary gland
- Located between the mastoid process and ramus of mandible
- Weighs approximately 25 grams
- Yellowish and lobulated
Parotid Gland - Shape and Location
- Overlaps the posterior part of the masseter muscle
- Pyramidal in shape with a base along the zygomatic arch and an apex posterior to the angle of mandible
Parotid Duct
- 5 centimeters long and 5 millimeters in diameter
- Extends horizontally on the masseter muscle
- Pierces the buccinator muscle
- Opens into the oral cavity at the level of the second maxillary molar tooth
Accessory Parotid Gland
- Located around the parotid duct
Parotid Bed Borders
- Anterior: Ramus of mandible, masseter, and medial pterygoid
- Posterior: Mastoid process
- Superior: Floor of external acoustic meatus and zygomatic process of the temporal bone
- Medial: Styloid process, posterior belly of digastric muscle, stylohyoid, styloglossus, stylopharyngeus muscles
- Lateral: Superficial layer of parotid fascia and skin
Opening of Parotid Duct
- At the level of the second maxillary molar tooth
Parotid Gland Capsule
- Continuous with the deep fascia of the neck
- Superficial Part: Covers the superficial surface and sends septa into the gland, attaching to the zygomatic arch
- Deep Part: Covers the anteromedial and posteromedial surfaces, attaching to the styloid process and angle of mandible
Parotid Gland Surfaces
- Three sided pyramid
- Superior Surface: Related to the external acoustic meatus and zygomatic arch. The auriculotemporal nerve is closely related to the superior surface.
- Superficial Surface: Covered by skin and superficial fascia. Related to lymph nodes, great auricular nerve, and the posterior border of platysma.
- Anteromedial Surface: Grooved by the posterior margin of the ramus of the mandible. Covers the posterior part of the masseter. The facial nerve emerges from the anterior margin of this surface.
- Posteromedial Surface: Related to the mastoid process, sternocleidomastoid muscle, styloid process and its muscles, and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. The external carotid artery grooves this surface. The internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein are separated from the gland by the styloid process and its muscles.
Structures Traversing the Parotid Gland
- External Carotid Artery: Enters the gland from the posteromedial surface, gives off the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries within the gland, and the posterior auricular branch may also originate from the external carotid artery within the gland.
- Retromandibular Vein: Formed by the union of the maxillary and superficial temporal veins, leaves the gland through the posterior aspect of the apex, located superficial to the external carotid artery, and joins the posterior auricular vein to form the external jugular vein.
- Facial Nerve: Enters the gland from the superior part of the posteromedial surface, divides into two divisions with main branches passing forward and downward behind the mandibular ramus, and terminal branches leave the gland by its anteromedial surface.
Parotid Gland Vessels
- External carotid artery
- External jugular vein
Parotid Gland Lymphatics
- Superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes
Parotid Gland Innervation
- Parasympathetic: Tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve > otic ganglion > through auriculotemporal nerve (branch of mandibular nerve) > (secretory fibers) parotid gland.
- Sympathetic: From plexus around the external carotid artery.
Parotid Gland Pathology
- Parotitis
- Mumps
Parotid Gland
- Largest salivary gland in the body
- Located between the mastoid process and ramus of mandible
- Weighs approximately 25 grams
- Yellowish and lobulated in appearance
- Overlaps the posterior part of the masseter muscle
- Pyramidal in shape:
- Base: Along the zygomatic arch
- Apex: Posterior to the angle of mandible
Parotid Duct
- 5cm long and 5mm in diameter
- Extends horizontally across the masseter muscle
- Pierces the buccinator muscle
- Opens into the oral cavity at the level of the 2nd maxillary molar tooth
Accessory Parotid Gland
- Part of the gland located around the duct
Borders of Parotid Bed
- Anterior: Ramus of the mandible, masseter, and medial pterygoid muscle
- Posterior: Mastoid process
- Superior: Floor of the external acoustic meatus, and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
- Medially: Styloid process, posterior belly of digastric muscle, stylohoid, styloglossus, and stylopharyngeus muscles
- Laterally: Superficial layer of parotid fascia and skin
Opening of Parotid Duct
- Located at the level of the 2nd maxillary molar tooth
Capsule of the Gland
- Continuous with the deep fascia of the neck
-
Superficial part:
- Covers the superficial surface of the gland
- Sends septa into the gland
- Attaches to the zygomatic arch
-
Deep part:
- Covers the anteromedial and posteromedial surfaces of the gland
- Attaches to the styloid process and angle of mandible
Surfaces of the Parotid Gland
- The parotid gland has the shape of a three-sided pyramid and presents four surfaces:
- Superior surface: Related to the external acoustic meatus and zygomatic arch. The auriculotemporal nerve is closely related to the superior surface.
- Superficial (lateral) surface: Covered by skin and superficial fascia, and is related to lymph nodes, the great auricular nerve, and the posterior border of the platysma muscle.
- Anteromedial surface: Grooved by the posterior margin of the ramus of the mandible and covers the posterior part of the masseter muscle. The facial nerve emerges from the anterior margin of this surface.
- Posteromedial surface: Related to the mastoid process, sternocleidomastoid muscle, styloid process and its muscles, and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. The external carotid artery grooves this surface. The internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein are separated from the gland by the styloid process and its muscles.
Structures Traversing the Parotid Gland
- External carotid artery: Enters the gland from the posteromedial surface and gives off the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries within the gland. The posterior auricular branch may also originate from the external carotid artery within the gland.
- Retromandibular vein: Formed by the union of the maxillary and superficial temporal veins. Leaves the gland through the posterior aspect of the apex, located superficial to the external carotid artery, and joins the posterior auricular vein to form the external jugular vein.
- Facial nerve: Enters the gland from the superior part of the posteromedial surface. Divides into two divisions and these main branches pass forward and downward behind the mandibular ramus. Terminal branches leave the gland by its anteromedial surface.
Vessels of the Gland
- External carotid artery
- External jugular vein
- Lymphatics of the Gland: Drain to superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes.
Innervation of the Gland
- Parasympathetic innervation: Tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve > otic ganglion> through auriculotemporal nerve (branch of mandibular nerve) > secretory fibers to the parotid gland.
- Sympathetic innervation: From the plexus around the external carotid artery.
Parotitis (Mumps)
- Inflammation of the parotid gland
- Usually viral in origin
- Characterized by swelling and pain in the parotid region
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy and characteristics of the parotid gland, the largest salivary gland located near the jaw. It includes details about its shape, location, duct structure, and surrounding anatomical borders. Test your knowledge on the key features and functions of this important gland.
