Anatomy of the Nephron and Urine Analysis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

  • To reabsorb water
  • To produce urine
  • To secrete waste products
  • To filter blood (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect urine output?

  • Water intake
  • Blood pressure (correct)
  • Nutrient intake
  • Exercise
  • What is the purpose of urinalysis?

  • To measure urine production
  • To diagnose kidney disease
  • To assess hydration levels
  • To determine the composition of urine (correct)
  • What is the normal specific gravity range for urine?

    <p>1.0 - 1.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of ketones appearing in the urine?

    <p>Low carb/protein diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the term used to describe little urine production due to renal disease?

    <p>Oliguria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>To regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are large drug molecules harder to remove from the body compared to small drugs or hormones?

    <p>Large drug molecules cannot be filtered out by the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO) produced by the kidneys?

    <p>To increase the production of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?

    <p>Through the production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), renin, and aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the kidneys in maintaining the body's pH balance?

    <p>By filtering out excess acid and base from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of urea in the Loop of Henle?

    <p>It rids the body of nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases the number of calcium channels in the DCT cells?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if urine is clear?

    <p>ADH is being inhibited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys adjust to changes in blood pressure and blood flow?

    <p>By auto-regulating and maintaining waste balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is also called vasopressin and works to reabsorb water?

    <p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for urination?

    <p>Micturition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel does blood flow from as it enters the kidney?

    <p>Descending aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the contraction or relaxation of juxtaglomerular cells in response to flow rate or sodium disturbances?

    <p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does most water reabsorption occur in the nephron?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ADH in the kidneys?

    <p>Induce aquaporin channel protein insertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does systemic edema indicate?

    <p>Excessive fluid accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron regulates renin release to influence blood volume?

    <p>Macula densa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidney?

    <p>Produce urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of aquaporin channel proteins in the kidneys?

    <p>Enhance water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if too many proteins get into the urine?

    <p>Increased water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

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