26 Questions
What is the primary function of the glomerulus in the nephron?
To filter blood
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can affect urine output?
Blood pressure
What is the purpose of urinalysis?
To determine the composition of urine
What is the normal specific gravity range for urine?
1.0 - 1.3
What is the primary cause of ketones appearing in the urine?
Low carb/protein diet
Which of the following is the term used to describe little urine production due to renal disease?
Oliguria
What is the primary role of vitamin D in the body?
To regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the blood
Why are large drug molecules harder to remove from the body compared to small drugs or hormones?
Large drug molecules cannot be filtered out by the kidneys
What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO) produced by the kidneys?
To increase the production of red blood cells
How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?
Through the production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), renin, and aldosterone
What is the primary role of the kidneys in maintaining the body's pH balance?
By filtering out excess acid and base from the blood
What is the role of urea in the Loop of Henle?
It rids the body of nitrogen
Which hormone increases the number of calcium channels in the DCT cells?
Parathyroid hormone
What happens if urine is clear?
ADH is being inhibited
How do the kidneys adjust to changes in blood pressure and blood flow?
By auto-regulating and maintaining waste balance
Which hormone is also called vasopressin and works to reabsorb water?
ADH
What is the medical term for urination?
Micturition
Which blood vessel does blood flow from as it enters the kidney?
Descending aorta
What triggers the contraction or relaxation of juxtaglomerular cells in response to flow rate or sodium disturbances?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Where does most water reabsorption occur in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
What is the function of ADH in the kidneys?
Induce aquaporin channel protein insertion
What does systemic edema indicate?
Excessive fluid accumulation
Which part of the nephron regulates renin release to influence blood volume?
Macula densa
What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidney?
Produce urine
What is the role of aquaporin channel proteins in the kidneys?
Enhance water reabsorption
What happens if too many proteins get into the urine?
Increased water reabsorption
Explore the anatomy of the nephron, focusing on the glomerulus, and learn about the factors affecting urine production and composition. Discover how urinalysis is performed and what it reveals about our health, including proteins, color, and odor in urine. Delve into how diabetes can impact urine characteristics.
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