Anatomy and Physiology: The Nephron and Urine Formation
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

  • Regulating urine concentration
  • Producing urine in the nephron
  • Reabsorbing nutrients from the urine
  • Filtering blood to create filtrate (correct)
  • What does the presence of leukocytes in urine indicate?

  • Proteinuria
  • Urinary tract infection (correct)
  • High sugar levels
  • Dehydration
  • What does the specific gravity of urine measure?

  • Presence of ketones in urine
  • Sugar content in urine
  • Color intensity of urine
  • Amount of solutes in urine (correct)
  • What effect do meats have on urine pH?

    <p>Lower pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anuria?

    <p>Absence of urine production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of urethra in the urinary system?

    <p>Transporting urine from bladder to outside the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of active vitamin D (calcitriol)?

    <p>Regulate calcium in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are large drug molecules harder to remove from the body?

    <p>They are not filtered out like small drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of erythropoietin (EPO)?

    <p>Increasing red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some scientists consider vitamin D more of a hormone than a vitamin?

    <p>Vitamin D receptors are present in most cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys help regulate blood pressure?

    <p>By releasing hormones like ADH, renin, and aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for urination?

    <p>Micturition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ receives about 25% of cardiac output while at rest?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates renin release to influence blood volume?

    <p>Macula densa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron empties into collecting ducts?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes aquaporin channel proteins to pull water back into the interstitial spaces in the kidneys?

    <p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if too many proteins get into the urine?

    <p>More water will be needed in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorption if you are over hydrated?

    <p>Collecting ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is obliged to follow sodium during the process of absorption and secretion?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if blood pressure falls below a mean arterial pressure of 60 mm Hg?

    <p>Impaired renal function and potential shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the nephron is essential for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion?

    <p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Loop of Henle?

    <p>Reabsorb water and sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone increases the number of sodium pumps in the DCT?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ADH in the collecting ducts?

    <p>Adjust water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does caffeine affect kidney function?

    <p>Promotes vasodilation in the nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone works to inhibit aldosterone and promote water excretion?

    <p>Natriuretic hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes vasoconstriction in the kidneys?

    <p>Endothelin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Loop of Henle differ from the collecting ducts in terms of aquaporin channels?

    <p>Loop has aquaporin channels on both descending and ascending limbs, while ducts don't</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when urine is clear?

    <p>ADH is being inhibited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does nitrogren waste leave the body?

    <p>As urea, ammonia, and uric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in kidney function?

    <p>Reduces blood flow by vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

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