Anatomy and Physiology: The Nephron and Urine Formation
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

  • Regulating urine concentration
  • Producing urine in the nephron
  • Reabsorbing nutrients from the urine
  • Filtering blood to create filtrate (correct)

What does the presence of leukocytes in urine indicate?

  • Proteinuria
  • Urinary tract infection (correct)
  • High sugar levels
  • Dehydration

What does the specific gravity of urine measure?

  • Presence of ketones in urine
  • Sugar content in urine
  • Color intensity of urine
  • Amount of solutes in urine (correct)

What effect do meats have on urine pH?

<p>Lower pH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anuria?

<p>Absence of urine production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of urethra in the urinary system?

<p>Transporting urine from bladder to outside the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of active vitamin D (calcitriol)?

<p>Regulate calcium in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are large drug molecules harder to remove from the body?

<p>They are not filtered out like small drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of erythropoietin (EPO)?

<p>Increasing red blood cell production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some scientists consider vitamin D more of a hormone than a vitamin?

<p>Vitamin D receptors are present in most cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the kidneys help regulate blood pressure?

<p>By releasing hormones like ADH, renin, and aldosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for urination?

<p>Micturition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ receives about 25% of cardiac output while at rest?

<p>Kidneys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulates renin release to influence blood volume?

<p>Macula densa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron empties into collecting ducts?

<p>Proximal convoluted tubule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes aquaporin channel proteins to pull water back into the interstitial spaces in the kidneys?

<p>ADH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if too many proteins get into the urine?

<p>More water will be needed in the urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorption if you are over hydrated?

<p>Collecting ducts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is obliged to follow sodium during the process of absorption and secretion?

<p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if blood pressure falls below a mean arterial pressure of 60 mm Hg?

<p>Impaired renal function and potential shock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of the nephron is essential for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion?

<p>Nephron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Loop of Henle?

<p>Reabsorb water and sodium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases the number of sodium pumps in the DCT?

<p>Aldosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ADH in the collecting ducts?

<p>Adjust water reabsorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does caffeine affect kidney function?

<p>Promotes vasodilation in the nephron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone works to inhibit aldosterone and promote water excretion?

<p>Natriuretic hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes vasoconstriction in the kidneys?

<p>Endothelin release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Loop of Henle differ from the collecting ducts in terms of aquaporin channels?

<p>Loop has aquaporin channels on both descending and ascending limbs, while ducts don't (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when urine is clear?

<p>ADH is being inhibited (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does nitrogren waste leave the body?

<p>As urea, ammonia, and uric acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in kidney function?

<p>Reduces blood flow by vasoconstriction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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