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Questions and Answers
What is the appearance of the hard palate when viewed in a mirror?
What is the appearance of the hard palate when viewed in a mirror?
Which part of the hard palate tends to feel firmer?
Which part of the hard palate tends to feel firmer?
What is the term for an abnormal growth on the hard palate?
What is the term for an abnormal growth on the hard palate?
What are some potential changes in the hard palate that should be considered?
What are some potential changes in the hard palate that should be considered?
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What is the role of the median palatine raphe on the hard palate?
What is the role of the median palatine raphe on the hard palate?
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How can smoking affect the hard palate?
How can smoking affect the hard palate?
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What complication is associated with a cleft palate?
What complication is associated with a cleft palate?
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Which of the following features is not typically seen on the hard palate?
Which of the following features is not typically seen on the hard palate?
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What is the clinical appearance of the floor of the mouth?
What is the clinical appearance of the floor of the mouth?
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Which muscles are associated with the support of the floor of the mouth?
Which muscles are associated with the support of the floor of the mouth?
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Which statement correctly describes the mylohyoid muscle?
Which statement correctly describes the mylohyoid muscle?
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What is the innervation of the muscles associated with the floor of the mouth primarily derived from?
What is the innervation of the muscles associated with the floor of the mouth primarily derived from?
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What blood supply primarily serves the floor of the mouth?
What blood supply primarily serves the floor of the mouth?
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What color might the areas of veins in the floor of the mouth appear to be?
What color might the areas of veins in the floor of the mouth appear to be?
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Which of the following is NOT a feature of the floor of the mouth?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the floor of the mouth?
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What should be observed when examining the clinical appearance of the palates?
What should be observed when examining the clinical appearance of the palates?
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What is the typical appearance of the soft palate?
What is the typical appearance of the soft palate?
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Which of the following describes a possible cause for changes in the appearance of the soft palate?
Which of the following describes a possible cause for changes in the appearance of the soft palate?
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What texture characteristics are attributed to the soft palate?
What texture characteristics are attributed to the soft palate?
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Which factor might NOT contribute to functional changes in the soft palate?
Which factor might NOT contribute to functional changes in the soft palate?
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What condition might lead to a yellowish appearance in the soft palate?
What condition might lead to a yellowish appearance in the soft palate?
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Which of the following is a feature of the soft palate?
Which of the following is a feature of the soft palate?
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What important anatomical feature is located in the soft palate region?
What important anatomical feature is located in the soft palate region?
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Which change would most likely indicate a pathologic condition of the soft palate?
Which change would most likely indicate a pathologic condition of the soft palate?
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What type of nerve supplies sensory innervation to the hard palate?
What type of nerve supplies sensory innervation to the hard palate?
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Which artery is responsible for the blood supply of the soft palate?
Which artery is responsible for the blood supply of the soft palate?
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What is a possible cause of an aphthous ulcer?
What is a possible cause of an aphthous ulcer?
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Which muscle is primarily involved in the action of elevating the soft palate?
Which muscle is primarily involved in the action of elevating the soft palate?
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How does the clinical appearance of a lesion relate to its histological structure?
How does the clinical appearance of a lesion relate to its histological structure?
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Which nerve innervates the sensory function of the soft palate?
Which nerve innervates the sensory function of the soft palate?
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Which clinical appearance is typically associated with the hard palate?
Which clinical appearance is typically associated with the hard palate?
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What distinguishes natural abnormalities from self-inflicted changes in lesions?
What distinguishes natural abnormalities from self-inflicted changes in lesions?
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What is the primary action of the mylohyoid muscle?
What is the primary action of the mylohyoid muscle?
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Which nerve supplies the geniohyoid muscle?
Which nerve supplies the geniohyoid muscle?
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Which artery supplies blood to the hyoglossus muscle?
Which artery supplies blood to the hyoglossus muscle?
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What is the main feature of the floor of the mouth (FOM) described in the content?
What is the main feature of the floor of the mouth (FOM) described in the content?
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What muscle action is associated with the hyoglossus muscle?
What muscle action is associated with the hyoglossus muscle?
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Which structures are located above the mylohyoid muscle in the floor of the mouth?
Which structures are located above the mylohyoid muscle in the floor of the mouth?
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Which of the following is NOT a feature of the floor of the mouth?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the floor of the mouth?
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What function does the geniohyoid muscle perform regarding the pharynx?
What function does the geniohyoid muscle perform regarding the pharynx?
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Study Notes
Floor of the Mouth (FOM)
- The FOM is reddish-pink, vascular blue in areas of veins, shiny, moist and compressible
- The FOM is supported by three muscles: Mylohyoid, Hyoglossus and Geniohyoid
- The mylohyoid muscle forms a sling from the mylohyoid line of the mandible on each side
- The mylohyoid muscle originates from the mylohyoid line of the mandible and inserts into the anterior surface of the hyoid bone
- The mylohyoid muscle elevates the FOM and hyoid bone, and assists in depressing the mandible
- The mylohyoid muscle is supplied by the trigeminal nerve (mylohyoid branch) and the inferior alveolar, sublingual and submental arteries
- The hyoglossus originates from the superior border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and inserts into the lateral borders of the tongue
- The hyoglossus muscle depresses and retracts the tongue, pulling the lateral edges down onto the FOM
- The hyoglossus muscle is supplied by the hyoglossal nerve and the lingual artery
- The geniohyoid muscle originates from the inferior genial tubercle on the lingual surface of the mandible and runs downwards and backwards to the anterior surface of the hyoid bone
- The geniohyoid muscle elevates the hyoid bone, shortens the FOM and widens the pharynx
- The geniohyoid muscle is supplied by the hypoglossal nerve and the lingual artery (sublingual branch)
- Structures within the FOM above the mylohyoid muscle include lingual, glossopharyngeal and hyoglossal nerves, the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands and the lingual artery
- Features of the FOM include the lingual frenum, sublingual papillae, mandibular tori, the ventral surface of the tongue, Wharton's duct, Bartholin's duct, Rivinus ducts and minor salivary glands
Palate
- The palate is divided into the hard and soft palate
Hard Palate
- The hard palate is pink, immobile, firm, more cushioned laterally and firmer medially.
- The hard palate is lined by stratified squamous epithelium
- Features of the hard palate include the incisive papilla, palatine rugae, median palatine raphe and palatal torus
Soft Palate
- The soft palate is a deeper pink, moist, compressible and elastic
- The soft palate is lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- Features of the soft palate include the uvula, pillars of the fauces, tonsillar fossa and the pterygomandibular fold
Nerve Innervation and Blood Supply of the Palate
- Sensory innervation of the palate is supplied by branches of the maxillary nerve (a branch of the trigeminal nerve V)
- The hard palate is innervated by the greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves
- The soft palate is innervated by the lesser palatine nerve
- The hard palate's blood supply is via the greater palatine artery
- The soft palate's blood supply is via the lesser palatine arteries
Clinical Changes of the FOM and Palate
- Self inflicted changes can include thermal trauma (e.g. burning from hot food)
- Natural abnormalities include cleft palate, smokers keratosis, denture stomatitis and Kaposi Sarcoma
- Candida albicans, Aphthous ulcers and lesions of the oral cavity, like cancer, can also occur
Summary Table
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Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Action | Nerve Supply | Blood Supply
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--|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:
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Mylohyoid | Mylohyoid line of the mandible | Anterior surface of the hyoid bone | Elevates the FOM and hyoid bone, assists in depressing the mandible | Trigeminal nerve (mylohyoid branch) | Inferior alveolar, sublingual and submental arteries
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Hyoglossus | Superior border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone | Lateral borders of the tongue | Depresses and retracts the tongue, pulls the lateral edges down onto the FOM | Hyoglossal nerve | Lingual artery
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Geniohyoid | Inferior genial tubercle on the lingual surface of the mandible | Anterior surface of the hyoid bone | Elevates the hyoid bone, shortens the FOM and widens the pharynx | Hypoglossal nerve | Lingual artery (sublingual branch)
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Location | Clinical Appearance | Type of Mucosa | Epithelium | Lamina Propria | Submucosa
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--|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:
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FOM | Reddish-pink, shiny, moist, vascular blue in areas of veins | Lining mucosa | Stratified squamous epithelium | Dense connective tissue | Contains salivary glands, nerves and blood vessels
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Hard Palate | Pink, immobile firm, cushioned laterally and firmer medially | Masticatory mucosa | Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium | Dense connective tissue | Thin and contains minor salivary glands
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Soft Palate | Deep pink, moist, compressible and elastic | Lining mucosa | Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium | Dense connective tissue | Contains minor salivary glands, muscles and fat
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The clinical appearance of the FOM and palate are related to the histological structure as the type of epithelium present influences the colour, texture and function of the tissues
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Description
This quiz explores the anatomy of the Floor of the Mouth (FOM), focusing on its structure, muscle support, and nerve supply. Key muscles like the mylohyoid, hyoglossus, and geniohyoid will be highlighted, along with their functions and connections. Perfect for students studying oral anatomy and physiology.
