Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the mylohyoid muscle?
What is the primary action of the mylohyoid muscle?
- Depresses the hyoid bone
- Pulls the hyoid bone posteriorly
- Elevates the tongue
- Elevates the floor of the mouth (correct)
What type of epithelium is present in the lining mucosa?
What type of epithelium is present in the lining mucosa?
- Stratified cuboidal epithelium
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (correct)
- Simple columnar epithelium
Which nerve supplies the mylohyoid muscle?
Which nerve supplies the mylohyoid muscle?
- Facial nerve
- Mylohyoid nerve (correct)
- Hypoglossal nerve
- Lingual nerve
Which of the following structures may be present in the lamina propria of the lining mucosa?
Which of the following structures may be present in the lamina propria of the lining mucosa?
What action is primarily performed by the hypoglossus muscle?
What action is primarily performed by the hypoglossus muscle?
What is a common clinical appearance associated with the lining mucosa?
What is a common clinical appearance associated with the lining mucosa?
Which muscle assists in swallowing by pulling the hyoid bone anteriorly and superiorly?
Which muscle assists in swallowing by pulling the hyoid bone anteriorly and superiorly?
Which artery is primarily responsible for the blood supply to the hypoglossus muscle?
Which artery is primarily responsible for the blood supply to the hypoglossus muscle?
What is a characteristic feature of the submucosa associated with the lining mucosa?
What is a characteristic feature of the submucosa associated with the lining mucosa?
What is a condition that may be indicated by the presence of sialoliths?
What is a condition that may be indicated by the presence of sialoliths?
What type of epithelium is found in the hard palate?
What type of epithelium is found in the hard palate?
Which structure is prominent in the soft palate?
Which structure is prominent in the soft palate?
What type of connective tissue is characteristic of the hard palate?
What type of connective tissue is characteristic of the hard palate?
What physiological feature is associated with the soft palate?
What physiological feature is associated with the soft palate?
Which of the following best describes the mucosa type covering the hard palate?
Which of the following best describes the mucosa type covering the hard palate?
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Study Notes
Muscles of the Floor of the Mouth (FOM)
-
Mylohyoid:
- Origin: Mylohyoid line of the mandible
- Insertion: Body of the hyoid bone and midline raphe
- Action: Elevates the floor of the mouth and the hyoid bone during swallowing.
- Nerve Supply: Mylohyoid nerve (a branch of CN V3)
- Blood Supply: Sublingual artery and facial artery
-
Hypoglossus:
- Origin: Body and greater horn of the hyoid bone
- Insertion: Sides of the tongue
- Action: Depresses the tongue
- Nerve Supply: Hypoglossal nerve
- Blood Supply: Lingual artery
-
Geniohyoid:
- Origin: Inferior mental spine of the mandible
- Insertion: Body of the hyoid bone
- Action: Pulls hyoid bone anteriorly and superiorly, assists in swallowing.
- Nerve Supply: C1 through the hypoglossal nerve
- Blood Supply: Hypoglossal artery, Sublingual artery
Histological Structure of the FOM
-
FOM:
- Appearance: Smooth moist surface, may have sublingual papillae, may show sialoliths (calcified structures also known as salivary stones that form in the salivary glands or their ducts) or oral mucosal lesions.
- Type of Mucosa: Lining Mucosa
- Epithelium: Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- Lamina Propria: Loose connective tissue with glands (sublingual and submandibular glands)
- Submucosa: Generally loose connective tissue without significant fat.
-
Hard Palate:
- Appearance: Firm and keratinized surface, may show palatine rugae (Ridges of mucous membrane).
- Type of Mucosa: Masticatory Mucosa
- Epithelium: Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- Lamina Propria: Dense, regular connective tissue (referred to as palatine bone)
- Submucosa: Thin, may contain salivary glands (palatine glands)
-
Soft Palate:
- Appearance: Soft, flexible surface, may show uvula and mucous gland openings.
- Type of Mucosa: Lining Mucosa
- Epithelium: Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- Lamina Propria: Loose connective tissue with more elastic fibers.
- Submucosa: Contains muscle, and more prominent minor salivary glands.
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