Floor of Mouth and palate revision notes quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of the mylohyoid muscle?

Retracts the mandible

Opens the mandible (correct)

Elevates the hyoid bone

Depresses the tongue

Which nerve supplies the geniohyoid muscle?

Hypoglossal nerve (correct)

Facial nerve

Vagus nerve

Trigeminal nerve

What is the blood supply for the mylohyoid muscle?

Facial artery

Inferior alveolar, sublingual, and submental arteries (correct)

Maxillary artery

Lingual artery

Which action does the hypoglossus muscle perform?

Depresses and retracts the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the mylohyoid muscle?

Inner surface of the mandible Signup and view all the answers

Which feature characterizes the epithelium of the floor of the mouth?

Non-keratinized stratified epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which artery primarily supplies the geniohyoid muscle?

Lingual artery Signup and view all the answers

What action is NOT performed by the geniohyoid muscle?

Opens the mandible Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is associated with the floor of the mouth?

Mental spine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions are associated with the muscle around the floor of the mouth?

Facilitates swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is found on the hard palate?

Keratinised stratified squamous Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is described as compressible and elastic?

Uvula Signup and view all the answers

Where is Wharton's duct located?

Ventral surface of tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of the soft palate is described as thin and protective?

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the palatine rugae?

More cushioned toward the medial Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is found in the vascular lamina propria?

Loose connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the medial palatine raphe?

Attachment point for dense connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are located at the anterior and posterior arches of the fauces?

Palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes the texture of the sublingual region?

Moist and compressible Signup and view all the answers

How would the appearance of the soft palate be described?

Deeper pink or yellowish and moist Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Floor of Mouth Muscles

Mylohyoid: Originates on the inner surface of the mandible and inserts on the body of the hyoid bone. It is innervated by the mylohyoid branch of the trigeminal nerve and supplied by the inferior alveolar, sublingual, and submental arteries. Functions to open the mandible.
Geniohyoid: Originates from the inferior genial tubercle (mental spine) on the lingual surface of the mandible. Insertions are on the body of the hyoid bone. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve and supplied by the sublingual branch of the lingual artery. Acts to elevate and shorten the hyoid bone, as well as widen the pharynx (helpful during swallowing).
Hypoglossus: It originates from the hyoid bone (superior border of the greater cornu) and inserts on the ventral parts of the lateral tongue. Innervated by the hypoglossal nerve and supplied by the lingual artery. It functions to depress and retract the tongue, pulling the lateral edge of the tongue down towards the floor of the mouth.

Floor of Mouth - Anatomy & Clinical Appearance

Floor of Mouth: Mucosa is non-keratinized stratified squamous, with a thin epithelium enabling a vascular lamina propria to easily show through. It has a loose submucosa, which makes this area vascular.
Lingual Frenum: Presents as pink-red, and its mucosa is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Sublingual Papillae & Folds: These are blue and veins show through the mucosa.
Mandibular Tori: These appear compressible and elastic.
Ventral Surface of Tongue: The ventral surface of the tongue is similar to the floor of the mouth in its composition.
Wharton's Duct: Opens into the floor of the mouth
Bartholins: Opens into the floor of the mouth.

Hard Palate - Anatomy & Clinical Appearance

Hard Palate: Mucosa is keratinized stratified squamous. It is firm and pink due to the underlying bone. The keratinization protects the palate from trauma. Hard palate has a dense lamina propria that firmly attaches to underlying bone, it has no submucosa.
Incisive Papilla: Small, pink, immobile, and located in the middle of the hard palate.
Palatine Rugae: These are transverse ridges found on the anterior portion of the hard palate, they help with mastication and speech.
Median Palatine Raphe: This is a midline ridge. This is visible along the hard palate and separates the left and right palatine bones.
Palatal Torus: This is a bony prominence that can appear on the hard palate, often midline.

Soft Palate - Anatomy & Clinical Appearance

Soft Palate: Mucosa is non-keratinized stratified squamous, with a thin protective epithelium. It is a deeper pink or yellowish, compressible and elastic. It has a loose submucosa, and is moist.
Uvula: This hangs from the posterior border of the soft palate, it is compressible and elastic, with non-keratinized stratified squamous mucosa.
Pillars of Fauces: These are folds of tissue that extend from the soft palate to the tongue and pharynx. They help separate the oral and nasal cavities.
Tonsillar Fossa: These are depressions on either side of the uvula that contain the palatine tonsils.
Pterygomandibular Fold: This fold of tissue extends from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, to the mandible.

Soft Palate - Structures

Palatoglossal Arch (Anterior): This fold marks the anterior border of the palatine tonsil. It extends from the soft palate to the tongue.
Palatopharyngeal Arch (Posterior): This fold marks the posterior border of the palatine tonsil. It extends from the soft palate to the pharynx.
Tonsillar Fossa: This depression houses the palatine tonsils.
Plica Fimbriata: These are small folds of tissue that extend from the lateral surface of the tongue.
Lingual Frenum: This is a fold of mucous membrane that attaches the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
Sublingual Folds: These are folds of mucous membrane that extend from the sublingual papillae towards the floor of the mouth.
Sublingual Papilla: This is a small opening for the sublingual gland.
Lingual Veins: Veins on the underside of the tongue.

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Description

Explore the anatomy of the floor of the mouth muscles, including the mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and hypoglossus. This quiz covers their origins, insertions, innervations, and functions. Understand their roles in activities such as swallowing and tongue movement.