36 Questions
What is the outermost structure of the back?
Skin and subcutaneous tissue
What type of curvature occurs during fetal development in the womb?
Kyphosis
What is the main reason for the development of cervical lordosis?
Gaining control of the neck and sitting upright
What is the function of the intervertebral discs?
To absorb shock and provide cushioning
What is the structure that connects the vertebrae together?
Ligaments
Which region of the vertebral column exhibits secondary curvature?
Cervical and lumbar regions
What is the name of the curvature that occurs in the thoracic region?
Kyphosis
What direction is the spinous process of T1 angled?
Inferiorly
Which thoracic vertebra has a solitary costal facet?
T12
What is the orientation of the articulating facets in T1?
Vertical
Which thoracic vertebrae have some features of cervical vertebrae?
T1-T4
What is the anatomical landmark associated with T4?
Angle of Louis
Which thoracic vertebra has the shortest spinous process?
T12
What is the characteristic of the vertebral bodies in T9-T12?
Larger
What is the shape of the vertebral foramen in the cervical region?
Triangular
What is the orientation of the articular facets in the cervical region?
Superior facet superoposteriorly and inferior facet infero-anteriorly
What is the characteristic of the vertebral body in the cervical region?
Small and wide
What is the characteristic of the intervertebral discs in the cervical region?
Tall and relatively thick
What is the range of movement in the cervical region?
Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, limited rotation, and circumduction
Which vertebrae are atypical in the cervical region?
C1, C2, and C7
What is the relative amount of surrounding body mass in the cervical region?
Small amount
What is the primary function of the interspinous ligament?
To inhibit flexion
Which ligament connects the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum?
Supraspinous ligament
What is the shape of the spinous process of lumbar vertebrae?
Hatchet shaped
What is the characteristic of the intertransverse ligament in the lumbar region?
Thin and membranous
What is the function of the spinous process of lumbar vertebrae?
To facilitate flexion, extension, and lateral flexion
What is unique about the 5th lumbar vertebra (L5)?
It is the tallest of all movable vertebrae
What is the function of the intertransverse ligament?
To inhibit contralateral fibers
What is the location of the intervertebral foramina?
Between the two pedicles
What is the function of the 5th lumbar vertebra (L5)?
To support the upper body weight
What forms the sacrum region?
5 bones fused together
What is the potential site of herniation in the superolateral aspect of IV discs?
The annulus fibrosus
What is the orientation of the inferior facets?
Oriented anterolaterally
What compresses the spinal nerves as they emerge through the IV foramina?
Disc herniation
What is the characteristic of the body of the 5th lumbar vertebra (L5)?
Markedly deeper anteriorly
What is the function of the ligamentum flavum?
To support the PLL
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