Anatomy of Nasal Cavities

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

To filter out dust and other particles

To regulate the nasal pressure

To warm and humidify the air

To increase the surface area for olfaction (correct)

What is the name of the foramen that connects the nasal cavity to the pterygopalatine fossa?

Sphenopalatine foramen (correct)

Cribriform foramen

Pterygopalatine foramen

Nasolacrimal foramen

What is the purpose of the nasal septum?

To separate the nasal cavities (correct)

To regulate the nasal pressure

To filter out dust and other particles

To warm and humidify the air

What is the name of the epithelium lining the olfactory region?

Olfactory epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the duct that drains into the nasal cavity?

Nasolacrimal duct Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

To increase the resonance of the voice Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the nerve divisions that supply the nose?

Ophthalmic and maxillary divisions Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the region of the nasal cavity that houses hair follicles?

Vestibule Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which paranasal sinuses develop?

Through intrinsic growth and invasion of bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Ostia in the paranasal sinuses?

To connect the sinuses to the nasal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the frontal sinus?

Ophthalmic artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the nerve that supplies the maxillary sinus?

Maxillary nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the opening that connects the sphenoidal sinus to the nasal cavity?

Sphenoidal opening Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the paranasal sinuses in terms of air processing?

To warm and humidify air Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which mucus and debris are cleared from the paranasal sinuses?

Mucociliary clearance Signup and view all the answers

Why can maxillary sinus infections cause toothache?

Due to the passage of the superior alveolar nerves through the maxillary sinus Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential site of infection spread between the upper respiratory tract and the paranasal sinuses?

Nasal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What can occur when more than one paranasal sinus is affected?

Pansinusitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential route of infection spread between the middle ear and the upper respiratory tract?

Auditory tube Signup and view all the answers

Why can sinus infections cause pain in the upper teeth?

Due to the passage of the superior alveolar nerves through the maxillary sinus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the inflammation of the mucosa in the paranasal sinuses?

Sinusitis Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the frontal sinus?

Ophthalmic nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the simultaneous infection of multiple paranasal sinuses?

Pansinusitis Signup and view all the answers

Why is the maxillary sinus more prone to infection?

Due to its proximity to the ostia, making drainage difficult Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph nodes are likely to be enlarged in the case of a maxillary sinus infection?

Retropharyngeal nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the epithelial lining of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

Pseudostratified ciliated Signup and view all the answers

Which structure marks the opening of the frontal, maxillary, and anterior ethmoidal sinuses in the nasal cavity?

Semilunar hiatus Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial bone forms the cribriform plate?

Ethmoid Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is an unpaired bone of the nasal septum?

Ethmoid Signup and view all the answers

Which sinus is not an ethmoid sinus?

Medial Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the largest of the paranasal sinuses?

Maxillary Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nasal cavity in relation to inspired air?

Warms and humidifies Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the nasal cavity epithelium?

Pseudostratified epithelium Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of bones form the root of the nose?

3 pairs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the paranasal sinuses in relation to the nasal cavity?

Drains through the nasal cavity's lateral wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the cartilage that forms the septum of the nose?

Septal cartilage Signup and view all the answers

From which arteries do the vessels that supply the nose arise?

External and internal carotid arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pain perceived in a different location than the actual site of the sinus infection?

Referred pain Signup and view all the answers

How many major arteries supply the nose?

3 major arteries Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sensory Supply to the Nose

General sensory innervation from branches of the ophthalmic (nasociliary) and maxillary (nasopalatine) divisions of the trigeminal nerve.
Special sensory supply provided by the olfactory nerve.

Nasal Cavities Anatomy

Located in the anterior aspect of the cranium, directly behind the external nose.
Left and right cavities separated by a central nasal septum.
Each cavity has three distinct regions: vestibule, respiratory, and olfactory.
Vestibule: lined with skin and contains hair follicles, located within the nares.
Olfactory region: most superior; lined with olfactory epithelium, contains olfactory receptors.
Respiratory region: large and lined by respiratory epithelium.

Nasal Cavity Conchae

Three large elevations (conchae) protrude from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
Paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct drain into the nasal cavity's lateral walls.
Sphenopalatine foramen connects nasal cavity to pterygopalatine fossa.

Functions of Paranasal Sinuses

Speech and voice resonance enhancement.
Reduce skull weight.
Warm and filter inhaled air.
Store and produce mucus.
Produce nitric oxide.

Structure of Paranasal Sinuses

Consist of large, air-filled cavities enclosed in skull bones, covered by mucus and cilia.
Connected to the nasal cavity through openings called ostia.

Sinus Features

Hollow, paired cavities with bony walls.
Lined by respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified columnar).
Drainage openings exist for frontal, anterior, and middle ethmoidal sinuses.

Blood Supply and Innervation of Sinuses

Blood supply from the ophthalmic artery and branches of the maxillary artery.
Frontal sinus supplied by ophthalmic artery, while ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses share blood supply from both maxillary and ophthalmic nerves.
Maxillary sinus innervated by branches of the maxillary nerve.

Sinusitis and Its Implications

Upper respiratory tract infections can lead to sinusitis causing inflammation and pain in the mucosa.
Pansinusitis occurs when multiple sinuses are affected.
Proximity of the upper molar teeth to the maxillary sinus can cause referred tooth pain during infections.

Connection to Ear Infections

The auditory tube connects the middle ear and upper respiratory tract, providing a pathway for infection spread.
Infection leads to swelling, blocking the tube and diminishing hearing ability.

Nose Anatomy

Involved in breathing, olfaction, and clearing pathogens.
Highly vascular and prone to congestion due to rich blood supply from ophthalmic, maxillary, and facial arteries.
Three pairs of bones (frontal, maxilla, nasal) and three cartilages (septal, lateral nasal, major alar) make up the structural foundation of the nose.

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Description

Learn about the sensory supply to the nose, nasal cavities, and their structures. Understand the divisions of the trigeminal nerve and the olfactory system.