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Questions and Answers
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between isolation, speciation, and biodiversity?
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between isolation, speciation, and biodiversity?
- Biodiversity initially causes speciation, which subsequently results in widespread isolation of species.
- Increased biodiversity directly prevents isolation, leading to a decrease in speciation.
- Isolation can lead to speciation, which, over time, contributes to increased biodiversity. (correct)
- Speciation causes isolation, ultimately reducing biodiversity by limiting genetic exchange.
An organism's ability to maintain a stable internal body temperature regardless of environmental conditions is an example of which adaptation?
An organism's ability to maintain a stable internal body temperature regardless of environmental conditions is an example of which adaptation?
- A behavioral adaptation that allows relocation to more amenable climates.
- A physical adaptation associated with endothermy, or being warm blooded. (correct)
- A survival strategy unique to organisms with an open circulatory system.
- A response enabled by a three-chambered heart, optimizing oxygen distribution.
In the context of natural selection, which of the following scenarios exemplifies the principle of 'overproduction'?
In the context of natural selection, which of the following scenarios exemplifies the principle of 'overproduction'?
- Several species of insects developing similar coloration patterns to deter predators.
- A bird species laying a large number of eggs, knowing that not all offspring will survive. (correct)
- A population of fish adapting camouflage to evade a new predator in their habitat.
- A plant evolving resistance to a disease that decimated the majority of its population.
What is the fundamental distinction between a cladogram and a dichotomous key in biological classification?
What is the fundamental distinction between a cladogram and a dichotomous key in biological classification?
If a researcher discovers a species of cave-dwelling fish with underdeveloped eyes, which of the following evolutionary concepts would best explain this?
If a researcher discovers a species of cave-dwelling fish with underdeveloped eyes, which of the following evolutionary concepts would best explain this?
Flashcards
Dorsal vs. Ventral
Dorsal vs. Ventral
Toward the back (think spine) vs. toward the belly or front.
Anterior vs. Posterior
Anterior vs. Posterior
Toward the head vs. toward the tail.
Open vs. Closed Circulatory System
Open vs. Closed Circulatory System
Blood not always in vessels vs. blood always in vessels.
Warm-blooded vs. Cold-blooded
Warm-blooded vs. Cold-blooded
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Bilateral Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry
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Study Notes
- Anatomy/Evolution Test Topics
Anatomical Orientation
- Dorsal refers to the back or upper side
- Ventral refers to the abdomen or lower side
- Anterior refers to the front
- Posterior refers to the back
Circulatory Systems
- Open circulatory systems pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells
- Closed circulatory systems have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness, and the blood is pumped by a heart through vessels
Thermoregulation
- Cold blooded (ectothermic) animals rely on external sources for body heat
- Warm blooded (endothermic) animals generate their own body heat
Body Plan
- Bilateral symmetry is when an organism can be divided into two symmetrical halves
- Body systems include the nervous system, which enables organisms to sense and respond to their environment
Reproduction
- Sexual reproduction is the creation of a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms.
- Organs such as the esophagus, intestines, brain, heart (3-chambered vs. 4-chambered), internal vs. exoskeleton, testes, ovaries, nerve vs. spinal cord, kidney, and lungs all have specific functions
Classification and Evolution
- Taxonomy involves the science of classifying and naming organisms
- Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history and relationship of a species or group of organisms
- Classification tools include cladograms and dichotomous keys, which are used to identify and classify organisms based on their characteristics
- Physical adaptations are structural features that enhance survival
- Behavioral adaptations are actions that organisms take to survive and reproduce
Natural Selection
- Natural selection and evolution discuss how organisms adapt and change over time in response to their environment
- Natural selection is a process where organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
- Artificial selection is a process in which humans consciously select for or against particular features in organisms
Speciation
- Species and speciation refer to the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution
- Isolation leads to speciation and subsequently to biodiversity
- Genetic change can relate to recombination and mutation
- Homologous structures suggest common ancestry
- Vestigial traits provide evidence of evolution
Population Dynamics
- Overproduction, competition, and variation are factors that influence population dynamics and natural selection
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Description
Explore fundamental concepts in anatomy and evolution. Learn about anatomical orientation, circulatory systems (open and closed), and thermoregulation strategies. Understand body plans, bilateral symmetry, and the basics of sexual reproduction.
