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Questions and Answers
What type of fish does 'agnatha' refer to?
What type of fish does 'agnatha' refer to?
- Armored fish
- Cartilage fish
- Jawless fish (correct)
- Bony fish
What are placoderms known for?
What are placoderms known for?
Armored fish with jaws and paired fins.
Which of the following is an example of chondrichthyes?
Which of the following is an example of chondrichthyes?
- Hagfish
- Salamanders
- Lampreys
- Sharks (correct)
Osteichthyes refers to bony fish.
Osteichthyes refers to bony fish.
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Which class of vertebrates must reproduce in water?
Which class of vertebrates must reproduce in water?
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What is a defining feature of reptiles?
What is a defining feature of reptiles?
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What feature distinguishes aves from other classes of vertebrates?
What feature distinguishes aves from other classes of vertebrates?
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What are mammals known for?
What are mammals known for?
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Study Notes
Vertebrate Classes Overview
- Eight distinct classes of vertebrates, each with unique characteristics and adaptations.
Agnatha
- Jawless fish with a sucker-like mouth.
- Lacks paired fins, suggesting an ancient lineage.
- Examples include lampreys and hagfish.
Placoderms
- Extinct group of armored fish characterized by heavy bony plates.
- Possessed jaws and paired fins, which marked a significant evolutionary advancement.
- Existed hundreds of millions of years ago.
Chondrichthyes
- Contains cartilage-based fish, like sharks and rays.
- Skeletons made of flexible cartilage rather than bone.
- Features include jaws and paired fins.
Osteichthyes
- Also known as bony fish, they have a skeleton made primarily of bone.
- Possess jaws and paired fins, with scaly skin.
- Represents the majority of fish species living today.
Amphibians
- Characterized by smooth skin; they live on land but reproduce in water.
- Have a three-chambered heart and are ectothermic (depend on external environmental temperatures).
- Common examples include frogs, toads, and salamanders.
Reptiles
- Distinguished by scaly skin and their ability to reproduce entirely on land.
- Possess a heart with three or three and a half chambers and are ectothermic.
- Examples include turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodiles, alligators, and even extinct dinosaurs.
Aves
- Birds classified by their modified forelimbs (wings) and presence of feathers.
- Utilize ZW sex determination for gender differentiation.
- Exhibit a four-chambered heart and are endothermic (maintain constant body temperature).
Mammals
- Defined by having fur or hair and the ability to bear live young.
- Provide milk to feed their young, ensuring high survival rates.
- Exhibit XY sex determination and a four-chambered heart, categorized as endotherms.
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