Anaphylaxis Drug Management and Pharmacology

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What is the difference between toxicity and secondary effects of a drug?

Toxicity implies a direct action of the drug, often at high dose, damaging cells; secondary effects are the indirect consequences of a primary drug action (correct)

Toxicity is an indirect consequence of the drug, while secondary effects are a direct action of the drug

Toxicity occurs at a low dose, while secondary effects occur at a high dose

Toxicity refers to an allergic reaction, while secondary effects refer to an idiosyncratic response

What is an adverse drug reaction?

An unexpected beneficial effect of a drug

A temporary effect occurring after exposure to a drug

A harmless or pleasant effect occurring at therapeutic doses

A harmful or seriously unpleasant effect occurring at therapeutic doses (correct)

What is an adverse 'event' in the context of drug exposure?

A predictable and harmless occurrence during exposure to a drug

A pleasant occurrence during exposure to a drug

A harmful happening during exposure to a drug, without assuming its cause (correct)

An unexpected beneficial happening during exposure to a drug

What is the difference between intolerance and idiosyncrasy in relation to drug reactions?

Intolerance implies an inherent qualitative abnormal reaction to a drug, while idiosyncrasy refers to a low threshold to the normal pharmacodynamic action (D) Signup and view all the answers

When does an adverse drug reaction occur?

At any time during or after treatment with the drug (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adverse drug reaction (ADR) is characterized by being unrelated to the known pharmacological effects of the drug?

Type B (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of allergic reactions to drugs?

Cross allergy (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do diagnostic tests usually fare in assessing adverse drug reactions?

Rarely specific for the drug (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the methods used in establishing causality in adverse drug reactions?

Effect of withdrawing and reintroducing the drug (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key role of investigations in the assessment of adverse drug reactions?

Ruling out alternative diagnoses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?

Adrenaline (Epinephrine) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor does adrenaline act directly on to inhibit mast cell activation?

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended adrenaline (epinephrine) dose for an adult or child over 12 years during an anaphylactic reaction?

500 micrograms IM (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of adrenaline in reversing the effects of anaphylaxis?

Suppressing histamine and leukotriene release (A) Signup and view all the answers

When is anaphylaxis likely according to the provided criteria?

When a patient has skin or mucosal involvement after exposure to a known allergen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in the drug management of anaphylaxis?

Administering adrenaline intramuscularly (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pharmacological basis of administering adrenaline for anaphylaxis?

To counteract hypotension and tachycardia (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of adrenaline administration for anaphylaxis?

Hypokalemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Other than adrenaline, what is a second-line medical management option for anaphylaxis?

Intravenous corticosteroids (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT characteristic of anaphylaxis?

Nasal congestion (C) Signup and view all the answers