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Questions and Answers
What percentage of people rely directly on agriculture as a means of livelihood in Nigeria?
What percentage of people rely directly on agriculture as a means of livelihood in Nigeria?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a socio-economic benefit of agriculture?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a socio-economic benefit of agriculture?
How has agriculture contributed to Nigeria's national revenue compared to developed countries?
How has agriculture contributed to Nigeria's national revenue compared to developed countries?
What main food product is provided by the agricultural sector mentioned in relation to livestock?
What main food product is provided by the agricultural sector mentioned in relation to livestock?
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What would Nigeria have earned annually if it had maintained its market share in various agricultural exports?
What would Nigeria have earned annually if it had maintained its market share in various agricultural exports?
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Which agricultural product is NOT mentioned as significant to international trade?
Which agricultural product is NOT mentioned as significant to international trade?
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What impact has neglecting the agricultural sector had on Nigeria's economy?
What impact has neglecting the agricultural sector had on Nigeria's economy?
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What is one of the significant roles of agriculture in relation to fodder?
What is one of the significant roles of agriculture in relation to fodder?
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What is a significant outcome of smooth development practices in agriculture?
What is a significant outcome of smooth development practices in agriculture?
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How does the agricultural sector impact foreign exchange earnings?
How does the agricultural sector impact foreign exchange earnings?
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What role does agriculture play in providing employment?
What role does agriculture play in providing employment?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between agriculture and economic development?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between agriculture and economic development?
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What raw materials are primarily sourced from agriculture for major industries?
What raw materials are primarily sourced from agriculture for major industries?
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How does the agricultural sector reduce the high unemployment rate in developing countries?
How does the agricultural sector reduce the high unemployment rate in developing countries?
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What percentage of a country's total value of exports is constituted by agricultural commodities?
What percentage of a country's total value of exports is constituted by agricultural commodities?
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Which statement is true regarding the agricultural sector's contribution to a country's development?
Which statement is true regarding the agricultural sector's contribution to a country's development?
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What is the primary focus of agriculture according to the definition provided?
What is the primary focus of agriculture according to the definition provided?
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What characterized agricultural practices in Nigeria before colonial rule?
What characterized agricultural practices in Nigeria before colonial rule?
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What was one of the main reasons for Britain's colonization of Nigeria from an agricultural perspective?
What was one of the main reasons for Britain's colonization of Nigeria from an agricultural perspective?
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Which of the following crops was NOT mentioned as a major crop during the colonial era in Nigeria?
Which of the following crops was NOT mentioned as a major crop during the colonial era in Nigeria?
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How did colonial administration influence crop production in Nigeria?
How did colonial administration influence crop production in Nigeria?
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What was a significant impact of agricultural practices on trade during the pre-colonial era in Nigeria?
What was a significant impact of agricultural practices on trade during the pre-colonial era in Nigeria?
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What practice did colonial powers impose on Nigeria's agricultural sector?
What practice did colonial powers impose on Nigeria's agricultural sector?
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What was the consequence of the quotas and tariffs implemented by colonizers in Nigeria?
What was the consequence of the quotas and tariffs implemented by colonizers in Nigeria?
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Study Notes
Embracing Agriculture
- Agriculture is the art and science of cultivating the soil, growing crops, and raising livestock.
- It includes land preparation, animal product harvesting, and distribution to markets.
- The agricultural sector is made up of establishments focused on growing crops, raising animals, and harvesting fish and other animals from farms or natural habitats.
- Agricultural practices in Nigeria predate the colonial era.
- Subsistence agriculture was the primary mode of farming before the colonial rule, with a focus on food production and local self-sufficiency.
- During the colonial era, major crops in Nigeria included beans, rice, sesame, cashew nuts, cassava, cocoa beans, groundnuts, gum arabic, kola nut, maize, melon, millet, palm kernels, palm oil, plantains, rice, rubber, sorghum, soybeans, bananas, and yams.
- Before colonization, Nigerians primarily relied on farming for sustenance, using basic tools to cultivate enough food for the entire population.
- They also engaged in trade, exchanging cash crops across the Sahara and Atlantic Ocean.
- Economic crises in modern Nigeria have historical roots in the British colonization.
- Britain's primary motive in colonizing Nigeria was to acquire a steady cheap supply of raw materials for their industries in the 1800s.
- The colonial administration discouraged the cultivation of food crops, favoring the production of cash crops for export.
- This diversion discouraged local agricultural creativity and diverted resources towards exporting only necessary materials demanded for the European economy.
- The colonizing powers of Nigeria mandated primary production by implementing quotas and tariffs that favored unprocessed primary commodities from Nigeria.
- Nigeria's main export crops during colonial times were cocoa, palm produce, and groundnuts, comprising 70% of the total exports.
- Farm produce from Nigeria was exported to Britain and other European countries under colonial trade agreements.
- The British colonial agricultural practices negatively impacted Nigeria's post-independence economy, making it poorer and more dependent on British trade partners.
- Although agriculture was the foundation of the colonial economy, emphasis was placed on export instead of local food production.
- Prior to colonization, Nigeria had sufficient food for its people, but the incentive for raw materials encouraged a disregard of this capacity.
- The Nigerian economic landscape diversified during colonial rule, with groundnut production dominating the north, cocoa crops in the west, and palm produce in the east.
- These specializations harmed the production of basic food staples for the people.
- Despite Nigeria's potential in agriculture, it lost its global prominence as a leading player in the industry.
- In the 1960s, Nigeria had a substantial share (42%) of the world's shelled groundnut exports.
- However, by 2008, Nigeria's total export volume declined to zero, primarily due to aflatoxin problems and lost leadership to other nations like the USA, China, and Argentina.
- Nigeria was also a leading exporter of palm oil, representing 27 % of the global palm oil export volume prior to its decline in 2008.
- Malaysia and Indonesia gained prominence in palm oil exports after using oil palm seedlings from Nigeria, securing a significant part of the current market share.
- The neglect of the agricultural sector and reliance on oil exports have negatively impacted Nigeria's economy.
- If Nigeria had maintained its market shares in palm oil, cocoa, groundnuts, and cotton, it could generate $10 billion annually.
Why Agriculture Should Be Embraced
- Agriculture offers significant socio-economic benefits.
- Source of livelihood for a large portion of the population (e.g. 70% in Nigeria).
- Contributes to national income, especially in developing countries.
- Provides food (including fodder for livestock) for humans and animals.
- Plays a crucial role in international trade, exporting numerous agricultural products.
- It's a primary source for many raw materials used in various industries (e.g. cotton, sugar, tobacco).
- Provides substantial foreign exchange earnings.
- It creates employment opportunities through the construction of irrigation schemes, drainage systems and other initiatives.
- Leads to economic development, improving national income and people's living standards.
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AGG 101
