Food Production & Preservation in Nigeria
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Questions and Answers

What is the main definition of food security?

  • The availability of food to all individuals at all times. (correct)
  • The access to non-perishable food items only.
  • The ability of individuals to grow their own food independently.
  • The guarantee of food safety from contamination.

Which of the following is NOT a component of food security?

  • Food access
  • Food pricing (correct)
  • Food utilization
  • Food availability

What is one major challenge faced by developing countries regarding food?

  • Excessive food waste management.
  • Overproduction of food supplies.
  • High levels of food exports.
  • Lack of adequate food and nourishment. (correct)

Which group is specifically mentioned as being mobilized by cooperatives for agricultural production?

<p>Resource-poor small-scale farmers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant effect of food insecurity on livelihoods?

<p>Increased health risks and malnutrition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a principle of food preservation mentioned?

<p>Extending the shelf life of food products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT considered one of the constraints to food supply?

<p>Effective distribution networks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is food described in the context of its role in living organisms?

<p>A critical element for health and reproduction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as the root cause of inadequate access to food?

<p>Poverty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a method for addressing food access issues?

<p>Providing free housing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered essential for achieving sustainable food security?

<p>Democracy and promotion of human rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, who has the primary responsibility for ensuring food security?

<p>Individual governments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge must be addressed beyond food security to improve nutrition security?

<p>Investments in education, sanitation, and healthcare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of deaths worldwide is attributed to infectious and parasitic diseases?

<p>35% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a single detailed policy not effectively address malnutrition in different African countries?

<p>Different economic advantages and institutional structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a traditional method of food preservation?

<p>Irradiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for African countries to attain nutrition security?

<p>Sufficient commitment from local governments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of environment is necessary for states to prioritize food security effectively?

<p>A peaceful and stable environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature and time required to ensure total destruction of the most heat-resistant bacteria spores in non-acidic foods?

<p>1210°C for 15 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as a cause of food deterioration?

<p>Immune responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does commercial sterility ensure in terms of food safety?

<p>Destruction of pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these processing techniques is classified as a modern method of food preservation?

<p>Canning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statement correctly describes heat resistance in microorganisms?

<p>Heat resistance is measured by terminal death time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT a factor mentioned that negatively affects food safety?

<p>Air pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process involved in freeze-drying food?

<p>Sublimation after freezing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does evaporation affect the microbial growth in food?

<p>It reduces water activity in the food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compound is considered the most important antimicrobial in wood smoke?

<p>Formaldehyde (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food preservation method uses osmosis to remove water from microorganisms?

<p>Sugaring and salting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temperature range is used for smoking food?

<p>93 to 104 °C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of freeze-drying as a preservation method?

<p>It is expensive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is likely to be preserved by smoking?

<p>Fish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pH of food when acids from smoke are introduced?

<p>It is lowered (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of blanching in food processing?

<p>To inactivate enzymes and improve color and texture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blanching method uses steam as a heat source?

<p>Steam blanching (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major drawback of blanching?

<p>Loss of water-soluble vitamins B and C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature range for Low-Temperature Long Time (LTLT) pasteurization?

<p>63 to 65 °C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Ultra High Temperature (UHT) pasteurization achieve?

<p>Inhibits fermentation in dairy products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is pasteurization often combined with refrigeration?

<p>To extend the shelf life of pasteurized products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about pasteurization is true?

<p>It can be performed at various temperatures and times depending on the food. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk of prolonged blanching of vegetables?

<p>Causing discoloration and mushiness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of malnutrition mentioned in the content?

<p>Violation of human rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is most affected by malnutrition as discussed?

<p>Landless populations and smallholder farmers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many children under five years of age are reported as underweight in the developing world?

<p>Over 150 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been identified as a major cause of migration from rural to urban areas in developing countries?

<p>Food insecurity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What increase occurred regarding underweight children in sub-Saharan Africa between 1990 and 2003?

<p>From 29 million to 37 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of food insecurity according to the content?

<p>A complex issue requiring integrated actions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is hunger considered a potential source of conflict?

<p>It combines with poverty and disaster coping difficulties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of analysis is lacking regarding the problem of food and nutrition?

<p>Serious individual country analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Food Security

Ensuring all people have consistent access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food for an active and healthy life.

Food Insecurity

Lack of consistent access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food for an active and healthy life.

Food Access

Having physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.

Food Utilization

Making the most of available food by preparing it, storing it, and using it properly to nourish people.

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Cooperatives role in food security

Cooperatives help small-scale farmers by pooling resources, sharing knowledge, and improving their ability to produce and access food markets effectively.

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Constraints to Food Supply

Obstacles that prevent enough good quality food reaching consumers.

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Food Preservation Methods

Techniques used to keep food safe and edible longer.

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Food Security Solutions

Methods to ensure everyone has enough food year-round.

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Root of Food Insecurity

Poverty, which prevents people from affording sufficient food due to inadequate income distribution.

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Global Food Security

A peaceful and enabling political, social, and economic environment is essential for food security and poverty eradication.

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Government's Role in Food Security

National governments have the primary responsibility for food security, establishing conditions and institutions to ensure citizens' access to food and nutrition.

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Nutrition Security

Having access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food in addition to food security. Requires investments in education, sanitation, and healthcare.

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Tailored Food Security Strategies

Different countries require different strategies due to variations in historical factors, agro-ecological conditions, economic advantages, and institutions.

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Achieving Food Security in Africa

African countries can achieve nutrition security with sufficient commitment, despite diverse challenges and needs.

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Food Security: A Global Responsibility

It is a collective responsibility of all countries to create a global environment that ensures food security for everyone.

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Malnutrition's Impact

Malnutrition significantly harms physical and intellectual development, hindering productivity and endangering survival.

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Food Insecurity's Causes

Food insecurity stems from complex factors, not just a country's inability to produce enough food, it takes into account issues like poverty, land ownership, and access to resources

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Child Malnutrition

A significant problem, affecting more than 150 million children globally under 5 years old.

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Food Insecurity's Effects

Food insecurity leads to increased migration, social instability, political issues, economic problems, and even conflict.

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Rural Food Insecurity

A primary contributor to hunger, largely in rural areas, where access to land for farming is limited

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Combating Food Insecurity

Requires comprehensive solutions targeting the root causes, not just providing food aid, but addressing factors such as access to resources

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Complexity of Food Problems

Food insecurity is complex, requiring careful study of factors beyond the general availability of food for a country.

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Pathogenic Bacteria

Bacteria that cause disease, leading to human suffering and significant public health problems worldwide.

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Food Preservation

Techniques used to extend the shelf life of food by preventing spoilage and ensuring safety.

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Food Spoilage

The deterioration of food quality, often caused by microorganisms, enzymes, insects, or environmental factors.

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Commercial Sterility

A level of heat treatment ensuring destruction of pathogenic and spoilage-causing microorganisms, allowing safe storage and handling.

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Terminal Death Time

The time required to kill a specific number of microorganisms at a chosen temperature and condition.

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Heat Resistance

The ability of microorganisms to withstand heat, varying depending on the type of microorganism, its state, and the heating environment.

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Heat Treatment for Food Preservation

Using heat to destroy harmful microorganisms or their spores, extending the shelf life of food.

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Moist Heat Sterilization

A high-temperature, moist environment used to ensure sterility by killing even the most heat-resistant bacteria spores in food.

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Blanching

A brief heat treatment using hot water, steam, or radiation to prepare fruits and vegetables for preservation (canning or freezing).

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Blanching Benefits

Blanching inactivates enzymes, reduces volume, improves color and texture, removes dirt, and shortens cooking time.

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Blanching Drawbacks

Blanching can cause loss of water-soluble vitamins (B & C), leaching, mushiness if not controlled, and discoloration with prolonged treatment.

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Pasteurization

A heat treatment process that kills pathogenic microorganisms in food (like wine or milk), extending its shelf life.

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Pasteurization Effectiveness

Pasteurization doesn't eliminate all microbes, so it often needs to be paired with other preservation methods like refrigeration.

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Low-Temperature Long Time (LTLT)

A pasteurization method involving 30 minutes of heat treatment at 63-65°C.

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High-Temperature Short Time (HTST)

A pasteurization method involving 15-16 seconds of heat treatment at 71.7-75°C.

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Ultra High Temperature (UHT)

A pasteurization method involving 2-5 seconds of heat treatment at 121-138°C (or higher).

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Freeze-drying

A dehydration method that freezes food first, then removes water through sublimation. It preserves shape, size, and volatile components, but is expensive.

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Sublimation

The process where a solid turns directly into a gas, bypassing the liquid phase. It's used in freeze-drying to remove water from frozen food.

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Evaporation

A heat processing method that reduces moisture content in food, concentrating solids and lowering water activity. This discourages microbial growth.

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Water activity

The amount of free water available for microbes to use in food. Low water activity inhibits microbial growth and helps preserve food.

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Smoking

Preserving food by exposing it to smoke from burning wood, which adds flavor and contains chemicals that inhibit microbial growth.

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Formaldehyde in smoke

A chemical in wood smoke that acts as an antimicrobial agent, killing bacteria and preserving food.

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Sugaring and salting

Preserving food by adding sugar or salt, which draws water out of microbes through osmosis, making them unable to survive.

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Osmosis

The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration, like in sugaring and salting.

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Study Notes

Food Production and Preservation for Food Security: The Place of Cooperatives in Nigeria

  • Food is crucial for health, growth, and normal bodily functions
  • Food insecurity is a major global problem, especially in developing nations
  • This module examines food security, constraints to high-quality food, food preservation, and cooperatives' role.

Learning Outcomes

  • Analyze food security and insecurity
  • Discuss food access, utilization, and livelihood impacts of insecurity
  • Identify five constraints to adequate food supply
  • Explain food preservation methods
  • Detail solutions to food insecurity
  • Describe cooperatives' role in mobilizing small-scale farmers for sustainable food security

Main Body - Introduction

  • This module emphasizes food security, constraints, and preservation methods
  • It highlights the role of cooperatives in agricultural production and food security
  • The module is divided into six units: Issues of Food Security, Food Preservation, and Cooperatives in Nigeria

Issues of Food Security

  • Food security is vital for national wealth and economic sustainability
  • Defined as consistent access to safe, nutritious food for all
  • Key aspects include food availability, quality, stability, and access
  • Global food insecurity affects over 800 million people, mostly in low-income countries like sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
  • Food insecurity leads to malnutrition, which impacts child development, productivity, and quality of life.

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Food Production and Preservation for Food Security in Nigeria PDF

Description

Explore the crucial roles of food security and preservation in Nigeria, focusing on the impact of cooperatives. This quiz delves into constraints to food supply, preservation methods, and solutions addressing food insecurity. Assess your understanding of how cooperatives can mobilize small-scale farmers for sustainable food practices.

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