Aerosols and Humidifiers Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism through which a humidifier adds moisture to a gas?

  • By creating a mist through agitation
  • Through simple evaporation (correct)
  • By heating the gas to increase humidity
  • By adding liquid water directly to the gas

    • Which variable has the most significant influence on how efficiently a humidifier operates?

  • Contact time with water
  • Type of gas used
  • Temperature (correct)
  • Surface area of water

    • What size of particles is considered ideal for effective aerosol therapy?

  • 5 μm (correct)
  • 10 μm
  • 3 μm
  • 1 μm

    • What is the primary function of a Heat & Moisture Exchanger (HME) in aerosol therapy?

    <p>To capture exhaled heat and moisture for the next breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a hazard associated with the use of humidifiers?

    <p>Electrical malfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the process of deposition in aerosol therapy?

    <p>Particles settle out of a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aerosol therapy, what is meant by inertial impaction?

    <p>The inability of particles to settle within a gas flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the water vapor pressure commonly measured at for saturated conditions?

    <p>47 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does humidity level in the air affect human physiology according to the study guide?

    <p>Higher levels may cause swelling and a sense of warmth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Average size of particles known as MMAD?

    <p>Mean Mass Aerodynamic Diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aerosol solution is typically preferred for sputum induction in respiratory therapy?

    <p>Hypertonic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main hazard associated with aerosol therapy that can cause bronchospasms?

    <p>Airway reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Small Volume Nebulizer (SVN)?

    <p>To administer various medications including SABA and LABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which method is aerosol created using high-frequency vibrations transmitted to a liquid?

    <p>USN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is critical for ensuring proper medication delivery using Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs)?

    <p>Proper hand-breath coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is specifically used for the administration of ribavirin in infants with RSV/Bronchiolitis?

    <p>SPAG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What byproduct can occur from administering steroids via inhalation without rinsing the mouth afterward?

    <p>Hyperplastic candidiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are powered Small Volume Nebulizers typically fueled?

    <p>DISS gas sources such as air or oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Continuous nebulization is designed for which situation in respiratory therapy?

    <p>Long-term nebulization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concentration of sodium chloride is classified as isotonic?

    <p>0.9% NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary indications for aerosol therapy?

    <p>Delivery of medications to the airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aerosol therapy, which condition is specifically addressed by the use of humidification?

    <p>Retained secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indication for using aerosol therapy?

    <p>Relief from muscle spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason for using aerosol therapy for patients with artificial airways?

    <p>To humidify inspired gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aerosol therapy aid in the management of respiratory conditions?

    <p>By delivering medications directly to the airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can be directly benefited from the use of aerosol therapy in a hospital setting?

    <p>Delivery of respiratory medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aerosol therapy can help in humidification of inspired gas primarily for which patient scenario?

    <p>Patients with artificial airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common outcome of effective aerosol therapy in patients with retained secretions?

    <p>Increased coughing and expectoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of aerosol therapy indications, what does 'delivering medications to the airways' specifically refer to?

    <p>Inhaled steroid administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary classification of a saline solution with a concentration of 0.9% NaCl?

    <p>Isotonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can aerosol therapy improve the management of patients with chronic lung conditions?

    <p>By enhancing airway moisture and medication delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nebulizer is specifically designed for long-term nebulization, often used for refractory bronchospasms?

    <p>Continuous Nebulization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aerosol delivery device is used for infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to administer ribavirin?

    <p>Small Particle Aerosol Generator (SPAG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can occur when administering mucolytics via nebulization?

    <p>Bronchospasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical flow rate required for Small Volume Nebulizers to operate effectively?

    <p>7 to 8 L/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a potential risk associated with using hypertonic saline solutions in aerosol therapy?

    <p>Infection risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of aerosol delivery uses high-frequency vibrations created by a piezoelectric crystal?

    <p>USN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What post-administration care should be taken after inhaling steroid medications to prevent complications?

    <p>Rinse mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes hypertonic saline solutions commonly used in sputum induction?

    <p>They contain a salt concentration greater than 0.9% NaCl.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aerosol therapy, which of the following is NOT considered a common delivery method for medications?

    <p>Fan-assisted mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Aerosols

    • A suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas.
    • Deposition occurs when molecules settle out of a solution.
    • Density refers to how closely packed the parts of a substance are.
    • Evaporation is when water changes from a liquid to a gas.
    • Body humidity refers to the amount of water vapor in the air.
      • Optimal humidity for humans is 30-60%.
      • High humidity can lead to swelling and infection.
      • Low humidity can increase coughing, wheezing, and a sensation of coldness.
    • Inertial impaction occurs when a particle cannot follow sudden changes in gas flow direction.
    • MMAD (Mean Mass Aerodynamic Diameter) is the average size of particles.
    • Ideal particle sizes are 5 μm.

    Humidifiers

    • Devices that add water vapor to a gas (air or oxygen).
    • Temperature is the most significant variable influencing humidification.
    • Surface area is the second most influential variable in humidification.
      • Larger surface areas lead to greater evaporation.
      • This is the main theory behind "wick" humidifiers.
    • Time of contact with the water source also influences humidification.

    Bubble-Diffusion Humidifiers

    • Similar to the bubble humidifier on a nasal cannula.
    • Oxygen is directed underwater where it is broken down into small bubbles, which rise to the surface, creating greater evaporation and increasing water vapor content.
    • Gas flow rate is the most significant factor influencing bubble-diffusion humidifiers.

    Types of Humidifiers

    • Bubble: Creates oxygen bubbles that diffuse through water, increasing humidity.
    • Passover: Oxygen is passed over a water source, increasing humidity as it picks up water vapor.
    • HME (Heat & Moisture Exchanger): Captures exhaled heat and moisture from the patient to heat and humidify the next inspiratory breath.

    Heated Humidifiers

    • Often used on ventilators.
    • 37°C for intubated patients.
    • 31°C to 34°C for mask ventilators.

    Hazards of Humidifiers

    • Condensation can occur, which should be treated as infectious waste.
    • Use a water trap or heated circuits to prevent condensation.
    • Do not drain condensate back into the reservoir or toward the patient.

    Aerosol Therapy

    • Indications for aerosol therapy include:
      • Retained secretions
      • Delivery of medications to the airways
      • Humidification of inspired gas for patients with artificial airways
      • Sputum induction
      • Upper airway inflammation (cool mist most effective)

    Bland Aerosol Therapy

    • Uses sterile saline solutions.
    • Isotonic: 0.9% NaCl (sodium chloride)
    • Hypotonic: < 0.9% NaCl
    • Hypertonic: > 0.9% NaCl (commonly 3%, 5%, 7%, or 9% NaCl)
    • Commonly used for sputum induction.
    • Hypertonic solutions are typically preferred over hypotonic.

    Hazards of Aerosol Therapy

    • Infection
    • Airway reactivity (can cause bronchospasms)
    • Systemic effects
    • Drug reconcentration
    • Over-hydration

    Small Volume Nebulizers (SVN)

    • Used to administer various medications, including:
      • SABAs
      • LABAs
      • Antibiotics
      • Steroids
      • Mucolytics (may cause bronchospasms)
    • Powered by compressed gas sources (air or oxygen).
    • Pulmo-Aide is a home use option when gas sources are unavailable.

    Delivery Methods for SVN

    • Mouthpiece

    • Snug-fitting mask

    • Blow-by

    • Requires flows of approximately 7 to 8 L/min.

    Ultrasonic Nebulizers (USN)

    • Electrically powered.
    • Create high-frequency vibrations using a piezoelectric crystal.
    • These vibrations are transmitted to a liquid, generating aerosol droplets.

    Other Aerosol Delivery Devices

    • SPAG (Small Particle Aerosol Generator): Specifically for administering ribavirin (Virazole), used for infants with RSV/Bronchiolitis.
    • Respirgard Nebulizer: Specifically for administering pentamidine, used for treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
    • Continuous Nebulization: Very similar to SVN but designed for long-term nebulization (1 hour or more), often used for refractory bronchospasms.

    MDIs/DPIs

    • Used to administer various medications, including:
      • SABAs
      • LABAs
      • Antibiotics
      • Steroids
    • Requires hand-breath coordination.
    • Cold Freon Effect can occur, which can be mitigated by using spacers/holding chambers.

    Administration of Steroids

    • Patients should always rinse their mouths after using steroids.
    • Hyperplastic candidiasis (thrush) is a possible side effect of steroid use.

    BTPS (Body Temperature, Pressure, & Saturation)

    • 37°C.

    Sputum Induction

    • Hypertonic saline solutions (3%, 5%, 7%, or 9% NaCl) are commonly used for sputum induction.
    • Hypertonic saline solutions are typically preferred over hypotonic solutions.

    Hazards of Aerosol Therapy

    • Potential for infection
    • Airway reactivity can lead to bronchospasms
    • Systemic effects
    • Drug reconcentration
    • Over-hydration can lead to inspissated (thickened) pulmonary sections due to the swelling caused by high-density aerosols.

    Small Volume Nebulizers (SVN)

    • Used to administer a variety of medications including:
      • Short-acting beta-agonists (SABA)
      • Long-acting beta-agonists (LABA)
      • Antibiotics
      • Steroids
      • Mucolytics
    • Powered by air or oxygen sources
    • Delivery methods include mouthpiece, snug-fitting mask, and blow-by
    • Require flow rates of approximately 7 to 8 L/min

    Ultrasonic Nebulizers (USN)

    • Electrically powered
    • Create high-frequency vibrations using a piezoelectric crystal
    • Vibrations are transmitted to a liquid to create aerosol droplets

    Other Aerosol Delivery Devices

    • Small Particle Aerosol Generator (SPAG)
      • Specifically for administering ribavirin (Virazole)
      • Used for infants with RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)/bronchiolitis
    • Respirgard Nebulizer
      • Specifically for administering pentamidine
      • Used for treating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
    • Continuous Nebulization
      • Similar to SVN but designed for long-term nebulization (1 hour or more)
      • Used for refractory bronchospasms

    Metered Dose Inhalers (MDIs) / Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs)

    • Used to administer medications such as:
      • Short-acting beta-agonists (SABA)
      • Long-acting beta-agonists (LABA)
      • Antibiotics
      • Steroids
    • Requires hand-breath coordination
    • May experience the "cold freon" effect
    • Use of spacers or holding chambers can improve delivery

    Administration of Steroids

    • Patients should rinse their mouth after use to prevent hyperplastic candidiasis (thrush)

    Body Temperature, Pressure, & Saturation (BTPS)

    • Refers to conditions at 37°C

    Aerosol Therapy

    • Indications for use:
      • Retained secretions
      • Delivery of medications to the airways
      • Humidification of inspired gas for patients with artificial airways

    Definitions

    • Aerosol: A suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas.
    • Humidity/Humidification: Amount of water vapor in the air. Relative humidity is expressed as a percentage.
    • Deposition: When molecules settle out of a solution (the opposite of dissolution).
    • Density: Having parts that are close together; mass of a unit volume of a substance.
    • Evaporation: Water changing from a liquid to a gas.
    • Body Humidity: Humans prefer 30-60% humidity. Elevated levels can lead to swelling, infection, and a feeling of increased temperature. Decreased levels can increase coughing, wheezing, and a feeling of coldness.
    • Inertial Impaction: A particle's inability to follow sudden changes in gas flow direction.
    • Mean Mass Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD): Average size of particles.
    • Ideal Particle Sizes: 5 μm

    Humidifiers

    • Devices that add molecular water to a gas (air or oxygen).
    • Occurs through evaporation.
    • Variables that affect humidifiers:
      • Temperature (most significant)
      • Surface area (greater surface area= more evaporation). This is the main theory behind "wick" humidifiers.
      • Time of contact with water source
    • Types of humidifiers:
      • Bubble
      • Passover
      • Heat & Moisture Exchanger (HME)
        • Captures exhaled heat and moisture from the patient, which then heats and humidifies the next inspiratory breath.
    • Heated Humidifiers
      • Often used with ventilators
      • 37°C for intubated patients
      • 31°C to 34°C for mask ventilators

    Humidifier Hazards

    • Condensation
    • Treat condensation as infectious waste
    • Use a water trap or install heated circuits
    • Do NOT drain condensate back into the reservoir or towards the patient or suction waste.

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    Related Documents

    Exam 3 Review RCP 120 Fall 2023 Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on aerosols and humidifiers with this quiz. Explore concepts related to particle sizes, humidity levels, and the importance of these devices in maintaining optimal air quality. Perfect for students studying environmental science or related fields.

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