Adjuvants and Immune Response Enhancement Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of using an adjuvant along with an antigen?

  • To suppress the immune response to the antigen
  • To inactivate the antigen
  • To neutralize the antigen
  • To enhance the immune response to the antigen (correct)

Which of the following is a commonly used adjuvant in human immunization?

  • Aluminum chloride
  • Aluminum nitrate
  • Aluminum hydroxide (correct)
  • Aluminum sulfate

How does aluminum hydroxide adjuvant work?

  • It neutralizes the toxoids
  • It inactivates the toxoids
  • It delays the absorption of toxoids and prolongs their exposure to the immune system (correct)
  • It enhances the absorption of toxoids

What is the main component of the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria?

<p>Peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial antigen is important in preventing adherence to body surfaces?

<p>Fimbrial antigens (F antigens) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of bacterial capsules in Bacillus anthracis?

<p>Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are highly immunogenic proteins that stimulate the production of antibodies?

<p>Exotoxins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are toxoids?

<p>Inactivated exotoxins that lose their toxicity but retain antigenicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are porins?

<p>Proteins that form pores on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about viral antigens?

<p>Viral genes code for new proteins that are carried to the surface of infected cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are endogenous antigens?

<p>Newly synthesized foreign proteins within an animal's cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microorganisms can invade animals and provoke an immune response?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about antigens is correct?

<p>Antigens stimulate the immune system to produce an immune response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are epitopes?

<p>Epitopes are the sites on or within the antigen with which antibodies react. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about epitopes is incorrect?

<p>Epitopes are large portions of the antigen molecule. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the area of the antibody molecule that interacts with the epitope called?

<p>Paratope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for antigens that share one or more similar epitopes?

<p>Heterophil antigens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the valence of an antigen?

<p>The number of epitopes on the antigen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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