Drugs for Integumentary System

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Questions and Answers

What is a common side effect associated with both systemic and topical administration of Acyclovir?

Burning

Headache (correct)

Stinging

Crystallization in kidneys

What is the recommended treatment duration for subsequent outbreaks of herpes when using Acyclovir?

5 days (correct)

3 days

10 days

7-10 days

Which of the following conditions would indicate the use of intravenous Acyclovir administration?

Severe or life-threatening infections involving the CNS (correct)

Mild cold sores

Moderate skin lesions

Recurrent genital herpes

What should patients avoid if they experience drowsiness while taking an antipruritic medication?

Engaging in activities that require concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects is NOT commonly associated with benzoyl peroxide treatment?

Drowsiness Signup and view all the answers

In which situation is isotretinoin absolutely contraindicated?

In pregnant women or those contemplating pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary precaution for women of childbearing age when taking isotretinoin?

Practice contraception one month before therapy, during therapy, and one month after Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of isotretinoin that requires monitoring during treatment?

Hepatotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which medications are used to control discoid and skin lesions in SLE?

Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible side effect of topical antibiotic application?

Local irritation Signup and view all the answers

What important instruction should be given regarding the use of Tetracycline in patients under 9 years old?

It should be avoided Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication is Azathioprine classified as in the treatment of SLE?

Antineoplastic Signup and view all the answers

What should be done prior to applying topical antibiotics?

Use antiseptic soap to clean the area Signup and view all the answers

What key consideration should be taken when using podivone-iodine as a skin cleanser?

It can stain skin and clothing Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with the use of retinoids?

Burning Signup and view all the answers

Which topical medication is recommended for wart removal?

Salicylic acid Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when using retinoids topically?

Over-the-counter washes Signup and view all the answers

How do hormone therapies help in treating acne vulgaris?

They reduce sebum production Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the topical use of salicylic acid?

It is for external use only. Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable side effect when using salicylic acid topically?

Erythema Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acyclovir and Valacyclovir

Used to treat herpes simplex virus (HSV) and herpes zoster infections
HSV-1 is the most common type, causing cold sores
HSV-2 causes genital herpes
Medication shortens outbreaks and lessens severity
Administered orally, topically, or intravenously
Oral administration is the most common
Topical ointment doesn't effectively treat recurrent lesions
Intravenous reserved for severe CNS infections, requiring adequate hydration to prevent kidney crystallization
Initial outbreak treatment duration: 7-10 days
Subsequent outbreaks treated for 5 days
Ideally administered within 72 hours of symptom onset

Acyclovir/Valacyclovir Side Effects (Systemic)

Headache
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Seizures
Renal toxicity and phlebitis (with IV administration)

Acyclovir/Valacyclovir Side Effects (Topical)

Burning
Rash
Pruritus
Stinging

Acyclovir/Valacyclovir Use Precautions

Monitor for recurrent breakouts after one year
Valacyclovir can be used as a daily suppressive therapy

Alpha Keri, Curel, Eucerin, Lubriderm (Use)

Moisturizing agents that soothe and soften the skin
Helpful for dry skin
Used topically
Use caution in tubs to prevent slipping

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) (Use and Considerations)

Used for allergic reactions like urticaria, angioedema, and contact dermatitis.
Blocks histamine at H1 receptor sites.
Avoid use with alcohol or other CNS depressants
May require epinephrine administration in severe allergic reactions
Side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, dry mouth, and urinary retention.

Benzoyl Peroxide Considerations

Used to treat acne vulgaris
Reduces inflammation and dries skin lesions
Has antimicrobial properties.
Topical use only

Topical Washes, Soaps, and Spot Treatment

Discontinue if excessive drying or peeling occurs
Avoid contact with hair and fabric

Isotretinoin (Accutane) Considerations

Used for acne vulgaris
Reduces sebum production and abnormal keratinization of gland ducts
Contraindicated in pregnant women and those contemplating pregnancy
Women of childbearing age should use contraception one month before, during, and one month after therapy
Administer with meals
Avoid sunlight
Monitor for hepatoxicity

Retinoids Side Effects (Topical)

Redness
Burning
Sensitivity to sunlight

Hormone Therapy (Combination Contraceptives) and Acne

Reduce sebum production

Antibiotics for Acne Vulgaris

Reduce bacterial counts
Type dependent upon condition and bacteria

Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Tetracycline (Use)

Acne vulgaris
Cellulitis
Impetigo contagiosa

Topical Antiseptic Soaps and Cleansers

Thoroughly clean skin and remove crusted exudates prior to topical antibiotic use
Use sterile technique for topical antibiotic application

Povidone-iodine (Betadine) Use in Skin Cleansing

For external use only
May stain skin and clothing

Coal Tar (Estar gel, PsoriGel) Considerations

Used to treat eczema and psoriasis
Reduces skin inflammation
For topical use only
Apply once daily at bedtime with moisturizer
Avoid sunlight exposure for 72 hours after application
May stain clothes and bathtubs

Salicylic Acid Use and Considerations

Used to treat acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and wart removal
Reduces inflammation
For external use only
May damage fabrics

Corticosteroids

Reduce inflammation, redness, scarring, and tumors
Apply topically; do not use occlusive dressings unless directed by provider
Washing the skin will increase drug penetration

Crotamiton (Eurax)

Treatment for scabies
Antipruritic
For external use only
Do not apply to severely irritated skin
Often used with 4% to 8% sulfur in petrolatum

Lindane (Use and Considerations)

Treats scabies and lice
For external use only. Avoid application to open skin lesions.

Pyrethrin

Treats lice (nits and lice)
Topical use only
Should not be used on the eyelashes or eyebrows

Fluconazole (Diflucan)

Treat fungal infections
Oral administration, monitor for liver and kidney function
Administered with meals

Griseofulvin (Fulvicin, Grifulvin)

Used for fungal infections, particularly tinea capitis
Oral administration; take with meals
Avoid sunlight

Itraconazole (Sporanox)

Used for fungal infections
Oral administration; Take with food
Monitor hepatic function; May increase prothrombin time (PT)

Terbinafine (Lamisil)

Used to treat fungal infections
Topical use only; Do not use occlusive dressings
Dependent upon condition and response to treatment

Tolnaftate (Tinactin, Aftate)

Used to treat fungal infections (tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis)
Topical application only

Methoxsalen (Oxsoralen-Ultra)

Used for psoriasis
Administered concurrently with UVA light.
Avoid sunlight exposure for 8 hours after oral administration
Wear UVA-absorbing sunglasses for 24 hours after oral administration. Use sunscreen; Give with food, milk, or in divided doses.
Topical application requires avoiding sunlight for several days after use.

Burns

Result from thermal or nonthermal causes (heat, flames, scalds)

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