Acute Lung Injury and COVID-19 Quiz
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Acute Lung Injury and COVID-19 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the incubation period for the condition described?

  • Approximately 14 days
  • Approximately 10 days
  • Approximately 5 days (correct)
  • Approximately 3 days

    • Which symptom is most commonly associated with the condition?

  • Rash
  • Dry cough (correct)
  • Chest pain
  • Nasal congestion

    • What does the main treatment for most patients involve?

  • Immediate hospitalization
  • Antibiotic therapy
  • Supplemental oxygen and ventilation (correct)
  • Surgical intervention

    • Which of the following is NOT listed as a preventive measure?

    <p>Regular exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anosmia?

    <p>Loss of sense of smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom would be classified as an 'Other Symptom'?

    <p>Weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional preventive measure involves personal hygiene?

    <p>Hand disinfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of the condition?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is related to taste sensation?

    <p>Aguesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition could be a severe complication linked to this disease?

    <p>Acute Lung Injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered an important early event in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, secondary to pneumocyte injury?

    <p>Adhesion and extravasation of neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To which category of bioterrorism agents does Coxiella burnetti belong?

    <p>Category B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does endothelial activation play in ALI/ARDS?

    <p>It contributes to inflammation and increased permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an early event in the development of ALI/ARDS?

    <p>Vascular remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily formed during the accumulation of intra-alveolar fluid in ALI/ARDS?

    <p>Hyaline membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common causal factor associated with ALI/ARDS?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the resolution of injury in ALI/ARDS is correct?

    <p>Resolution can lead to pulmonary fibrosis in some cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biological agent is frequently associated with Q fever?

    <p>Coxiella burnetti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of priority, where does Category B agents rank compared to other bioterrorism agent categories?

    <p>2nd highest priority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of antibodies indicate in relation to immunity?

    <p>Not all antibodies provide neutralizing effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inflammatory marker is detectable within 5 days of infection?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of Category A priority pathogens?

    <p>They can be easily disseminated from person to person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does dexamethasone have in severe cases of illness?

    <p>Decreases mortality in patients requiring supplemental oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with encephalitis as a Category A pathogen?

    <p>Nipah virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What abnormal coagulation parameter is associated with severe cases of illness?

    <p>Elevated D-dimer levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment improves time to recovery but is limited to patients not on mechanical ventilation?

    <p>Remdesivir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a concern regarding Category A priority pathogens?

    <p>Limited transmission between individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does elevated CRP indicate in a clinical setting?

    <p>Active infection or inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines Category B priority pathogens?

    <p>They are moderately easy to disseminate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by prolonged prothrombin time in patients?

    <p>Potential clotting disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these viruses is part of the Tick-borne encephalitis complex?

    <p>Flaviviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathogen is associated with cutaneous, inhalational, and gastrointestinal forms of a disease?

    <p>Bacillus anthracis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is associated with prion proteins?

    <p>Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT contribute to microthrombi formation in severe cases?

    <p>Normal endothelial cell function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is more common in developing countries without public health programs?

    <p>Anthrax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trait of biological agents classified in Category A?

    <p>They can cause major public health impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is commonly elevated during weeks 2-3 of illness?

    <p>Interleukin-6 (IL-6)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following agents is not classified as a Category A priority pathogen?

    <p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of symptoms in individuals infected with Bacillus anthracis?

    <p>Toxin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals who died from COVID-19 in Wuhan met the criteria for DIC?

    <p>71%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario describes a historic use of biological agents as weapons?

    <p>Contamination of water supply with hellebore root in ancient Greece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is regarded as a Category B pathogen?

    <p>MERS-CoV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a characteristic of Category B priority pathogens?

    <p>They result in high morbidity rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reservoir for Bacillus anthracis in the United States?

    <p>Deer and cattle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Marburg Virus is true?

    <p>It can result in death after infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ALI/ARDS)

    • Endothelial activation is an early event leading to ALI/ARDS
    • Neutrophil adhesion and extravasation contribute to ALI/ARDS
    • Accumulation of intra-alveolar fluid and hyaline membrane formation are also important in ALI/ARDS

    Bioterrorism Agents

    • Category A are the highest priority agents, easily transmissible and with high mortality
    • Category B agents are the second highest priority agents, with moderate morbidity, low mortality and require special diagnostic resources
    • Coxiella burnetii belongs to Category B and causes Q fever

    Treatments for Severe COVID-19

    • Dexamethasone decreases mortality in patients requiring supplemental oxygen and with symptoms for >7 days.
    • Remdesivir improves time to recovery in patients not receiving mechanical ventilation.
    • Supplemental oxygen and ventilation are the primary treatments for COVID-19

    Clinical Findings of COVID-19

    • Incubation period is approximately 5 days
    • Symptom development occurs around 11.5 days
    • Most common symptoms: fever, dry cough, shortness of breath
    • Other symptoms: weakness, fatigue, nausea & vomiting , diarrhea, anosmia and aguesia

    Anthrax

    • Anthrax is a Category A biological agent
    • Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax
    • Anthrax can affect the skin, respiratory system and gastrointestinal system
    • Anthrax is more common in agricultural regions
    • Yearly vaccination for anthrax is recommended

    Key Biologic Agents for Bioterrorism

    • Anthrax is widely used as a biological weapon
    • Vibrio cholera is a Category B agent
    • Marburg Virus is a Category A agent
    • Category C bioterrorism agents include: encephalitis viruses, Chikungunya virus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, tick-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses, tick-borne encephalitis complex Flaviviruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, influenza virus and prions

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    Related Documents

    Emerging Infectious Disease & Potential Agents of Bioterrorism Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on Acute Lung Injury, ARDS, and treatments for severe COVID-19. This quiz covers key concepts including endothelial activation, bioterrorism agents, and clinical findings associated with COVID-19. Challenge yourself with questions focusing on critical care and therapeutics related to respiratory distress syndromes.

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