38 Questions
What is the clinical manifestation of Atherosclerosis at the legs?
Peripheral Arterial Disease
What is the relative risk factor associated with PAD?
0.75
What percentage of patients with PAD have typical symptoms of Intermittent Claudication?
One in ten patients
What are the common risk factors for PAD?
Smoking and diabetes
What is the survival percentage of patients with severe PAD over 10 years?
25%
What is the ABI interpretation for mild PAD?
ABI 0.71 – 0.90
Which of the following is a symptom of critical ischemia?
Rest pain (night)
What is the recommended ankle pressure threshold for diagnosing critical ischemia in non-diabetic patients?
Ankle pressure < 50mmHg
Which of the following arteries is responsible for 80-90% of symptoms in PAD patients?
Femoro-Popliteal arteries
What should the toe pressure be in non-diabetic patients to diagnose critical ischemia?
Toe pressure < 50mmHg
What is the definition of acute limb ischemia?
The sudden decrease in limb perfusion that threatens the viability of the limb
What are some manifestations of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
Asymptomatic, intermittent claudication, critical limb-threatening ischemia
What are the recommended interventions for debilitating claudication or in CLTI due to PAD?
Endarterectomy, Bypass Surgery, Balloon Angioplasty, Stenting
What are the common risk factors associated with PAD?
Smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes
In what condition can PAD be asymptomatic or cause intermittent claudication?
It can be asymptomatic or cause intermittent claudication
What is the preferred treatment for patients with advanced intermittent claudication and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI)?
Endovascular techniques
In what scenario is open surgery with a good quality saphenous vein conduit considered better than endovascular techniques?
For patients with extensive disease and low surgical risk
What type of conduit is considered far superior in terms of patency rates compared to prosthetic grafts in open surgery?
Autologous venous conduit
What is the preferred treatment for patients with small ulcers, shorter lesions, and high risk for restenosis?
PTA with drug eluting stents
What is the most suitable treatment for long complex lesions after failed drug coated balloon?
Covered self-expanding stents
What is the most common cause of embolic acute limb ischemia?
Cardiogenic emboli
What is the most common risk factor for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)?
Smoking
Where do peripheral arterial emboli predominantly lodge?
Femoral bifurcation
What is the epidemiological difference in the prevalence of AAA between males and females in the age group 45-54?
Males have a 1.3% prevalence, while females have 0%
What is the predominant cause of native arterial thrombosis in acute limb ischemia?
Atherosclerosis
What is the definition of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)?
Aortic diameter >3cm
What is the primary surgical modality for the treatment of acute limb ischemia?
Primary operative revascularization
What are the 5Ps used to describe a condition related to Vascular Diseases?
Pulselessness, Paleness, Paralysis, Palor, Pain
In the context of acute limb ischemia, what does ALI stand for?
Acute Limb Inflammation
What is the significance of 'Time is tissue' in the context of Vascular Diseases?
It emphasizes the importance of rapid diagnosis and intervention to prevent tissue damage
What is the prevalence of Cerebrovascular Disease in the U.S. expected to be in 2030?
3.9%
What does the acronym 'ICA' stand for in the given context?
Internal Carotid Artery
What is the primary cause of cardiovascular death in the U.S.?
Cerebrovascular Disease
In the case scenario, what was the MRI result related to?
Acute Infarct of the Left Middle Cerebral Artery Territory
What treatment was initiated for the patient admitted to the Stroke Unit?
Aspirin and statin
What is the significance of the left carotid bruit mentioned in the case scenario?
Indicates a critical stenosis of the left internal carotid artery
What does the acronym 'PAD' stand for in the context of vascular diseases?
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Which condition is indicated by venous insufficiency- varicose veins?
Deep vein thrombosis
Test your knowledge on the etiology of acute limb ischemia, including factors such as embolism, thrombosis, bypass graft occlusion, and native artery occlusion. Explore the different sites of peripheral embolization and their prevalence in the body.
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